血管内皮生长因子与牙发生发育的关系

Relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor and tooth occurrence development

血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)不仅在促进血管内皮细胞分裂与增殖、胚胎发生发育、创伤愈合中发挥着重要的作用,而且在骨的生成与改建过程中,成骨细胞来源的VEGF作用于破骨细胞分化使破骨细胞发生趋化,使局部破骨细胞数目增加并促进局部骨吸收。上皮组织与外胚间叶组织的互相作用贯穿于牙胚发生发育到牙体组织形成的整个过程,内外釉上皮细胞与牙乳头细胞分泌的VEGF及其受体互相作用,促进成釉细胞与成牙本质细胞的分化成熟,影响釉质与牙本质的形成。许多与牙发生相关的基因表达于牙胚中央的釉结中,这些基因涉及的信号转导通路也参与牙的发生。VEGF基因表达受到无翅型小鼠乳房肿瘤病毒整合位点家族/β-连环蛋白信号转导通路的调控。目前,有关VEGF和VEGFR在牙胚发生发育中的认识仅仅停留在表观层面,对于功能及调控机制有待深入的研究。

Vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） is not only involved in promoting vascular endothelial cell division and proliferation but also plays an important role in development, wound healing and bone formation and remodeling. Osteoblasts derived from VEGF are differentiated from osteoclasts through chemotaxis, resulting in increased number of local osteoclasts and enhanced local bone absorption. The interaction between epithelial and ecto mesenchymal tissues through the development of tooth germ occurs during dentin formation. The inner and outer enamel epithelia and dental papilla cells secrete VEGF and interact with its receptor, thereby promoting ameloblasts into odontoblast differentiation and maturation and influencing the formation of dentin and enamel. Genes involved in tooth occurrence are expressed in the enamel knot at the center of the tooth germ. Moreover, the signal transduction pathways associated with these genes are involved in tooth occurrence. VEGF gene expression is regulated by wingless-type mice mammary tumor virus integration site family/β-chain protein signal transduction pathway. Currently, the roles of VEGF and VEGFR in the development of tooth germ are only elucidated at the superficial level, and their functions and regulatory mechanism must be further investigated.