尾矿坝致灾机理研究现状及发展态势

Research situation of the disaster-causing mechanism of tailing dams and its developing trend

尾矿坝失稳致灾机理极其复杂,然而目前尾矿坝灾害防控缺乏对尾矿材料多尺度多因素耦合力学机制的深入研究,且细粒与高堆尾矿坝灾变机理不明确.针对尾矿坝致灾机理研究的基础共性问题,收集大量的国内外尾矿坝灾害紧密相关的研究领域的文献,综述有关筑坝尾矿结构多尺度表征描述与力学特性、筑坝尾矿沉积运动规律、尾矿坝成坝机理与坝体结构组成、尾矿坝稳定性分析与致灾机理等方面的研究现状及成果,指出目前研究存在的不足,凝练出尾矿坝灾害研究领域亟待解决的关键科学问题,并对未来的研究发展态势进行具体全面的展望.

The disaster-causing mechanism of unstable tailing dams is extremely complex. However, the impact of multi-scale and multi-factor mechanical properties of railings is not adequately considered in existing studies on the disaster prevention of tailing dams, and the mechanism of the cataclysm of fine grained tailing dams and high piled tailing dams is not clear. Aiming at the basic and com- mon problems existing in studies on the disaster-causing mechanism of tailing dam, this article collects a lot of documents closely relat- ed to tailing dam disaster at home and abroad, and briefly introduces the study status and results of the structural multi-scale character- ization and mechanical characteristics of tailings, the deposition law of railings, the formation and structure of tailing dams, the stabili- ty analysis of tailing dams and the disaster-causing mechanism. On this basis, some existing shortcomings are pointed out in current researches, the key scientific problems in the related research fields of tailing dam disaster are extracted which have to be quickly solved, and finally, concrete and comprehensive analyses are conducted on the development direction in the future of the research.