X射线吸收谱学在锕系环境放射化学中的应用

Application of X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the study of environmental radiochemistry of actinides

锕系环境放射化学对于核废料尤其是高放废物的安全处理和处置至关重要,同步辐射技术尤其是X射线吸收谱学在解析锕系元素在不同介质表面的配位结构方面可以发挥关键作用,对于理解锕系元素在环境介质中的迁移转化行为意义重大.本文综述了近年来国内外利用X射线吸收谱学研究锕系元素环境化学方面的最新进展,主要包括锕系核素在不同地质条件下的迁移和转化以及微生物对核素迁移的影响等方面.

Environmental radiochemistry of actinides is extremely important as for safety issues related with nuclear waste disposal. Synchrotron radiation based techniques, especially X-ray absorption spectrometry（XAS）, can provide information on coordination structures of surface-adsorbed actinides on various oxides and minerals, which are helpful for understanding the migration behaviors and bioavailabilities of these radioactive elements. Recent progresses of environmental radiochemistry of actinides by means of XAS are therefore reviewed here, with emphasis on migration and transformation of actinides in different geological environment and biomass effects on environmental fate of actinides.