退耕还林背景下寒地山区土地生态安全演变研究

Land use and ecological security in cold mountain area under background of sloping land conversion program

退耕还林工程(Sloping land conversion program,SLCP)可快速改变土地利用结构,提高区域生态安全水平,是迄今为止我国涉及面最广、投资力度最大的生态建设工程。选择我国典型的寒地山区—牡丹江地区为例,以GIS和数据统计分析技术为平台,定量分析了SLCP对牡丹江地区土地利用结构的影响。在此基础上通过区域生态安全评价指标体系的构建、确定指标标准值及生态安全评价模型的建立,对牡丹江地区退耕还林期间生态安全状况进行分析。结果表明:(1)整个研究时段内,不合理耕地面积显著减少,林地面积大幅度增加,至2013年末,林地面积占研究区总面积的72.91%,退耕还林效果显著。(2)自2000年牡丹江地区实施SLCP以来,生态状况呈现"先改善、后恶化"的趋势,但整体生态安全水平较工程实施前有了大幅度提高。(3)政府相应政策的实施及监督力度的强弱将直接左右SLCP的效果。研究结果将有助于加深对SLCP的理解,并为东北地区尤其是长白山脉、老爷岭山脉其他寒地山区城市SLCP的实施提供科学指导和借鉴参考。

The project of sloping land conversion program（SLCP）rapidly changing land use structure and improving the level of regional ecological security is the largest investment in ecological construction by far. Mudanjiang Prefecture,Heilongjiang Province,China is a typical cold mountainous region in China,and the ecological system is rather vulnerabile and sensitive. In recent years,the blind deforestation in pursuing short-term interests has resulted in a sharp decrease of forest resources;coupled with the complexity of the terrain,rainfall concentrated,frozen for a long period,the regional soil and water loss is very serious,ecological environment continues to deteriorate. Above all,the paper analyzed the effect of SLCP on the land use structure in Mudanjiang area by using GIS and data statistical analysis technique. By constructing regional ecological security assessment index system and the standard values of indicators for determination and ecological security evaluation model,this paper further analyzed the ecological security of Mudanjiang during SLCP. The results show that：throughout the study period,the unreasonable cultivated land area significantly reduced,and the forest area increased significantly,the woodland area accounted for 72.91% of the total area of the study area by the end of 2013,the effect of SLCP was significant;since the implementation of SLCP in Mudanjiang area in 2000,the ecological situation presented＂first improvement after deterioration＂,but the overall ecological level has been greatly improved over the previous implementation of the project;the implementation of government policies and the intensity of supervision will directly influence the effect of SLCP. The results will help to deepen the understanding of SLCP and the combination of land use change and ecological security evaluation,as well as to deepen the theoretical depth and practical significance of the study.