环境污染与政府规制:一个新的概念框架与理论分析

Environmental pollution and government regulation:defining and theoretical analyzing from a new perspective

以环境污染与政府规制为研究对象,通过文献演绎法对现有文献进行比较归纳,得出以下结论:(1)在衡量指标上,大多数专家学者均采用CPI指标、BI指标、ICRG指标等指标,比较单一,且主观性比较强,易受各国的认知程度及被调查者主观判断的影响。(2)大多数学者多数仅仅以SO2、CO2以及工业三废等单一污染排放物排放量为指标来衡量环境污染,缺乏环境污染指标体系的构建。(3)在研究方法上,大多数专家学者均采用单方程模型对该问题进行分析,仅有少数学者考虑到利用联立方程考察收入、腐败与环境污染的复杂联系,但没有深入研究不同收入水平下腐败与环境关系的动态变化、腐败对不同地区环境污染的定量评估等问题。为此,本文认为基于异质性理论构建符合世界各国腐败对环境污染影响指标评价体系,如何构建合理的整体性的环境污染指标体系等问题成为全球研究的重点。针对我国特殊国情,特别是我国环境污染改善的结果很大程度上不是经济快速发展的造成的,形成了排污企业与政府环境保护执行部门之间的恶性次优博弈均衡。如何打破这个恶性的次优博弈均衡成为未来有关环境污染问题研究的主要方向之一。

The research objects are the environment pollution and the government regulation. Through the literature deduction,the paper compared the existing literature and draw the following conclusions. First,there is not a unified regional definition on the cognition of regional differences from the c-urrent researches. Most of the researchers use the CPI index,BI index,ICRG index as the measuring indexes. That is single and subjective,which will be influenced by the cognitive degree of countries and respondents＇ subjective judgments. Second,the majority of researchers only use single pollution emissions indexes such as SO2,CO2 and industrial wastes to measure the environmental pollution,which is lack of the construction of environmental pollution indicators system.Third,from the research method aspect,most researches use single equation model to analyze this problem,only a few researchers consider using the simultaneous equation to investigate the complex relationship between income,corruption and environmental pollution. But they do not deeply study the dynamic relationship change between corruption and environment under different income levels,also the relationship between corruption and the quantitative assessment of environmental pollution in different areas. This paper considers two problems will become the focus of global research. One is constructing the index evaluation system about the world＇s corruption impaction on the environmental pollution based on the heterogeneity theory;the other is how to construct a reasonable and integrated environmental pollution index system. In view of our country＇s special situation,especially that the improvement of our country environmental pollution is not the result of economic rapid development,it forms the malignant suboptimal equilibrium between the sewage enterprises and the government environmental protection departments. How to break this vicious suboptimal equilibrium has become one of the main research directions on the problem of environmental pollution in the future.