万隆精神与国家利益的碰撞:印度在1956年匈牙利事件中的政策探究

The Collision of the Bandung Spirit and the National Interest——Exploration of the Policy of India in the Hungarian Event of 1956

1956年10月,苏联政府从阵营稳定等角度考虑,对匈牙利人民旨在要求改革的呼声予以了粗暴干涉,最终引发了匈牙利事件。在国际社会对此的一片质疑声中,尼赫鲁并没有站在他积极倡导的以维护世界和平为核心的万隆精神的高度对苏联在匈牙利的举措进行谴责,而是在各个场合为苏联人做伪辩,这与几近同时发生的苏伊士运河危机的立场形成了鲜明的对照,具有典型的双重标准的特征。究其原因,主要受尼赫鲁对印度国家利益的深层次考量、苏联的压力和美英的"观望"的影响所致。尽管尼赫鲁在此事件上的双重标准饱受国内外媒体和政要们的质疑,但却由此赢得了苏联的信任,为随后印苏关系的发展提供了基础。

In October 1956, the Soviet government, from the perspective of camp stability and other consid- erations ,wantonly interfered and neglected the voice of the Hungarian people＇s calling for reform, which at last triggered the Hungarian Event. Under the querying of the international community, Nehru did not condemn the Soviet Action in Hungary, which didn＇t show his maintaining the peace of the world as the core of the Bandung Spirit, but defended for the Soviet people in various kinds of situations. This formed a striking contrast to the position of the Suez Canal crisis and had a typical characteristic of double standards. The reasons ma!nly included his consideration of the Indian national interests, the Soviet government＇s press and Anglo-America＇s non-intervention. Although he was questioned by domestic and foreign media and the politicians for his position in the Hungary Event, Nehru won the Soviet trust from then on, which provided a basis of the subsequent development of the Indo-Soviet relations.