分子诊断技术应用于运动分子生物学科研的研究进展

Research Progress of the Application of Molecular Diagnostic Techniques in Sports Molecular Biology

近年来,随着新的分子诊断技术的不断发展,从分子水平上评价运动员在调整期、训练期和比赛期的体质、状态已成为可能。分子诊断技术早在2000年就应用于国内的竞技体育科研中,其主要应用在运动员选材、运动疲劳机理、运动诱导骨骼肌适应、基因治疗技术、基因兴奋剂检测等几方面。总结了各种新的分子诊断技术在运动分子生物学科研中的应用原理及优缺点,并指出未来其发展方向将侧重于以下几方面:1快速、简便的等位基因检测方法在运动员选材和运动遗传病筛查中的应用;2应用基因技术对运动员选材的地域和种族多态性进行划分;3基因兴奋剂检测技术的革新。

In recent years, with the continuous development of new molecular diagnostic techniques, it has become possible to evaluate physique and athletic state of athletes at the molecular level during the adjustment, training, and competition periods. Molecular diagnostic techniques were applied to do- mestic sports scientific research as early as the year of 2000, and its application mainly lie in athlete selection, mechanism of sports fatigue, exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptation, gene therapy, gene doping detection. This article summarizes a variety of application principles of new molecular diagnostic techniques and their advantages and disadvantages in sport molecular biology researches, and puts forward that in the future, the following directions of its development should be focused on： （1） Application of rapid and easy allelic gene detection method in athlete selection and sports genetic disease screening; （2） Application of gene techniques in dividing the regional and ethnic polymorphism of athlete selection; （3） Innovation of gene doping detection techniques.