汶川地震后60个月救灾志愿者替代性创伤状况及影响因素研究

Disaster Relief Volunteers' Vicarious Trauma Conditions and the Influence Factors 60 Months After Wenchuan Earthquake

目的了解汶川地震后60个月救灾志愿者替代性创伤状况,并探讨其影响因素。方法采用方便抽样法,于2013年8—10月,在唐山地区选取参加过汶川地震的救灾志愿者200例,均在地震后3个月接受过替代性创伤问卷(VTS)简易应对方式问卷、社会支持评定量表调查,并与其地震后60个月的数据进行比较。相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析;影响因素分析采用多元线性回归分析。结果地震后60个月4例(2.0%)救灾志愿者替代性创伤总分超过理论中值。200例救灾志愿者地震后60个月情绪反应、认知反应、生理反应得分及VTS总分低于地震后3个月,行为反应得分高于地震后3个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);积极应对、消极应对、对社会支持利用度得分及社会支持评定量表总分低于地震后3个月,主观支持、客观支持得分高于地震后3个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VTS总分与消极应对得分呈正相关(P<0.05),而与主观支持、客观支持、对社会支持利用度得分及社会支持评定量表总分呈负相关(P<0.05)。消极应对是地震后60个月救灾志愿者替代性创伤的影响因素(Y=108.758-1.080×消极应对得分,P<0.05)。结论救灾志愿者在地震后60个月仍存在着一定程度的替代性创伤,但与地震后3个月相比,替代性创伤程度降低。同时其采用消极应对方式次数越少,产生替代性创伤程度越低。

Objective To explore vicarious trauma conditions of disaster relief volunteers 60 months after Wenchuan earthquake and also discuss the influence factors. Methods Convenient sampling method was adopted to select 200 disaster relief volunteers in Tangshan from August to October in 2013,who have participated in the disaster rescue of Wenchuan earthquake and have received vicarious trauma surver（VTS）SCSQ and SSRS of disaster rescuers 3 months after the earthquake. The results are compared to those 60 months after the earthquake. Pearson was used to do relevant analysis;and multiple linear regression analysis was applied for influence factors. Results 60 months after the earthquake,there were 4 cases（2. 0% ）whose vicarious trauma total points exceeded theoretical mid - value. Scores of emotional reaction,cognitive reaction,physiological reaction and the total score of VTS were lower while score of behavior reaction in 200 volunteers 60 months after Wenchuan earthquake was higher than those 3 months after the earthquake,the differences were statistically significant（ P ﹤ 0. 05）;scores of positive response,negative response and support utilization and the total score of SSRS were lower while scores of subjective support and objective support were higher than those 3 months after the earthquake,and the differences were statistically significant（ P ﹤0. 05）. Total score of VTS was positive correlated to score of negative response（P ﹤ 0. 05）,but was negative positive correlated to scores of subjective support,objective support,support utilization and the total scores of SSRS（ P ﹤ 0. 05） . Negative response was influence factors of disaster relief volunteers＇ vicarious trauma 60 months after the earthquake（Y = 108. 758 - 1. 080×; negative respose,P ﹤ 0. 05）. Conclusion A certain degree of vicarious trauma still exists in disaster relief volunteers 60 months after the eqrthquake, but the degree of vicarious trauma lessened compared to that of 3 months after the earthquake. Meanwhile,the less the negative coping times,the lower the degree of vicarious trauma is.