试论人体器官移植供体权利保障困境及出路

On the Predicament of Human Organ Donor Rights Guarantee and the Way Out

由于人体器官资源稀缺性等诸多原因,实践中器官供体的知情权、器官支配权、医疗保障权、损害赔偿请求权及社会救助请求权等权利经常受到侵害。加强、改进器官移植供体权利保障,须构建"一个保证,两个手段"的权利保障体系,即根本保证——拓展器官来源渠道、增加器官供给,远期手段——构建科学、合理的人体器官移植法律法规体系,短期手段——建立切实可行的器官供体权利社会救济保障制度。

Because of the scarcity of human organs and many other reasons,the donors' right to know,right to control the organs donated,right to medical care,right to compensation and right to social assistance are often violated in practice. Promotion and improvement of the rights guarantee of donors of organs requires one basic guarantee and two means. The guarantee is to expand the source of organs and increase the supply and the two means include the long-term means – constructing a scientific and reasonable human organ transplantation system of laws and regulations and the short-term means-establishing a feasible social rights relief and protection system for organ donors.