汶川地震木结构房屋震害分析

Analysis of damage to wood houses in Wenchuan earthquake

依据汶川地震之后笔者对汶川县的考察,阐述了木结构房屋的倒塌和局部垮塌、木构架倾斜、屋顶破坏、填充墙破坏、柱脚移位等震害特征,为提高木结构房屋的抗震性能提出如下建议:木柱的梢径不宜小于150mm;填充墙与木柱的拉结满足沿墙高每隔500mm左右;外纵墙上的洞口宽度不宜大于1.8m,内纵墙上的洞口宽度不宜大于1.5m;斜撑和屋盖支撑结构,均应该采用螺栓与主体构件相连接:椽与檩的搭接处应该满钉,以增加屋盖的整体性;柱顶应有暗榫插入屋架下,并用U形铁件连接。

Arrcording to the investigation of authors in Wenchuan County after Wenchuan earthquake, this paper ex- pounds the earthquake damage characteristics, such as collage and partial collage of wooden house, timber frame tilt, damage of roofs, destruction of infill walls and slip of column feet, etc. The paper puts forward following sugges- tions to improve the seismic performance of wooden houses ：the stake pins diameter shoule be not less than 150mm; the interval of tension brace between filled wall and wooden pillars should keep about 500 mm along the height of the wall;the width of hole on external logitudinal wall should not be larger than 1.8m, and that on internal longitu- dinal wall should not be larger than 1.5m;the braces and the roof supporting structure should be connected to main structural components with bolts;the joints of purlins and rafters should be full of nails to increase the integrity of the roof;the top of column and the bottom of roof should be inserted with dowel and connected with U -shaped ipon piece.