天津市2014年7～22岁学生疑似近视现状分析

Prevalence of suspected myopia among 7 to 22 year-old students in Tianjin in 2014

目的了解天津市7~22岁学生疑似近视现状及流行特征,为学生近视防控工作提供线索。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法选取天津市7~22岁汉族学生9 606名进行视力检查,应用串镜筛查疑似近视学生。结果天津市7~22岁学生疑似近视检出率为70.8%,城市男生、城市女生、乡村男生、乡村女生的疑似近视检出率分别为71.6%,75.6%,63.9%,71.9%,城市女生检出率最高。天津市小学低年级、小学高年级、初中、高中、大学的疑似近视检出率分别为33.2%,62.9%,83.3%,87.2%,85.9%。9~13岁学生疑似近视检出率急剧上升,城市学生和乡村女生自13岁、乡村男生自15岁开始,各年龄组人群中超过3/4的人视力不能达到5.0。结论天津学生疑似近视检出率较高,近视发生有低龄化趋势。不仅要预防近视的发生,更要采取有效措施控制已经近视学生的视力进一步恶化。

Objective To describe epidemiological characteristics of suspected myopia among 7 to 22 year-old students in Tianjin. Methods Data came from the 2014 National Students Physical Fitness and Health Survey in Tianjin. A total of 9 606 students aged 7- 22 years were selected through stratified cluster random sampling method. Vision inspection was carried out to screen suspected myopia students by string mirror. Results The prevalence of suspected myopia among 7-22 year-old students was70.8% and was highest among urban girls（ 75. 6%）, followed by rural girls（ 71. 9%）, urban boys（ 71. 6%） and rural boys（ 63.9%）. Myopia among students from low grades and high grades in elementary schools, junior schools, high schools and colleges was 33.2%, 62.9%, 83. 3%, 87. 2% and 85. 9%, respectively. Myopia among 9- 13 years old students rose rapidly. More than three-quarters of students older than 13 years old had eyesight lower than 5.0. Conclusion The prevalence of suspected myopia among students in Tianjin is high. Effective measures should be taken to prevent myopia as well as to control myopia progression.