深圳市儿童零食营养教育行为干预效果评价

Effect of snacking interventions among children in Shenzhen

目的探讨营养教育对儿童零食行为的干预效果,为改善儿童不良零食行为提供参考。方法采取随机整群抽样方法,选取深圳市11所小学二年级学生2 758名,于2015年4—7月开展干预活动,干预前后分别进行问卷调查。结果干预后,儿童经常食用的健康零食如水果类、面包蛋糕类、纯牛奶酸奶的比例上升(χ2值分别为20.25,4.46,4.77,P值均<0.05),而非健康零食如果冻、饼干薯片类、油炸烧烤类以及碳酸饮料的食用比例明显下降(χ2值分别为36.53,85.03,96.75,115.83,P值均<0.05)。每天吃零食超过3次的不良零食行为有所改善(χ2=5.44,P<0.05),健康零食行为如吃零食前洗手、吃零食后刷牙或漱口、每天喝奶类每天吃水果的比例有所上升(χ2值分别为13.75,19.41,49.54,15.65,P值均<0.01)。自购零食时考虑的合理因素如营养和卫生的比例明显上升,而不良的影响因素如好吃、赠送玩具/小礼物、包装以及电视广告的比例有所下降(χ2值分别为53.58,91.70,14.18,20.91,13.12,4.26,P值均<0.05)。结论零食营养教育可有效改善儿童不良零食行为。

Objective To evaluate the effect of snacking intervention on snacks eating habits. Methods The random cluster sampling method was used to selected 2 758 second grade students in Shenzhen. All the students received snacking interventions from April to July in 2015. Questionnaire survey was conducted before and after the interventions. Results After interventions,consumption of healthy snacks such as fruits, milk and juice increased, while consumption of unhealthy snacks like jelly, cookies,potato chips（ χ~2= 20.25,4.46,4.77,P 0.05）, fried barbecue and carbonated beverages significantly decreased（ χ~2= 36. 53,85. 03,96.75,115.83,P〈0.05）. Proportion of students who eat snacks more than three times per day decreased significantly（ χ~2= 5.44,P〈0.05）. Subjective norms of snack consumption included more positive factors. Conclusion Snacking interventions could improve children＇s unhealthy snacks consumption behavior effectively.