广州市小学生膳食营养知识健康教育干预效果评价

Effects of health education on dietary nutrition among primary school students in Guangzhou

目的了解广州市小学生膳食营养知识健康教育干预效果,为改善小学生营养状况提供依据。方法以等比例概率抽样的方法抽取广州市15所小学1 608名学生作为研究对象,干预形式为健康教育。干预前后分别进行问卷调查,最后进行干预的效果评价。结果干预后与干预前比较,相关营养知识总知晓率从68.07%上升到81.21%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 000.00,P<0.01)。经过调整之后,除关于素食的正确观点干预前后无统计学意义(Z=-0.08,P=0.940),其他13项调查内容均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),且知晓率均为干预后高于干预前。经过调整混杂因素后,营养知识总知晓率干预后(81.39%)高于干预前(66.46%)(Z=-35.92,P<0.01)。结论开展健康教育的干预手段对小学生膳食营养知识的提高是有效的。但是部分知识的干预效果相对较差,是今后健康教育的重点干预方向。

Objective To improve knowledge of dietary nutrition among primary school students through health education.Methods A total of 1 608 students from 15 primary schools were selected by Probability-Proportional-to-Size sampling（ PPS）.Self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted before and after health education. Results After education, the proportion of dietary nutritional knowledge of the students improved significantly from 68.07%（ 15 325 / 22 512） to 81.21%（ 18 282 / 22 512）（ χ2= 1 000.00,P〈0.01）. After adjustment of gender, age, grade and district, 13 of the dietary nutritional knowledge of the students was significantly improved after education, except the knowledge of vegetarian diet（ Z =-0.08,P = 0.940）. After adjustment of confounding factors, the proportion of dietary nutritional knowledge of the students was indifferent（ Z =-35.92,P〈0.01）. Conclusion It is effective to improve knowledge of dietary nutrition among primary school students through health education. There are still gaps in nutrition education and training for basic and applied nutrition education.