天津市大学生体质量指数与身体素质的关联性

Correlation between body mass index and physical fitness among college students

目的探讨大学生体质量指数(BMI)和身体素质间的关联性,为高校学生身体素质的提高提供参考。方法对天津市49所大学(大专)1 834名大学生进行体质健康测试。选用Pearson偏相关系数探讨不同类别大学生BMI和身体素质间的关联。结果男、女生超重和肥胖总体发生率分别为3.77%和0.77%,体重偏低发生率分别为8.07%和12.21%。男、女生身体素质总分和总体BMI值的Pearson偏相关系数分别为-0.27,-0.17(P值均<0.01)。BMI正常组男生的身体素质总分和BMI的相关无统计学意义(P>0.05),BMI超重组和肥胖组中男生的身体素质总分和BMI呈现负相关。BMI偏轻组、正常组及超重组的女生中,身体素质总分和BMI间的偏相关均无统计学意义,肥胖组女生的BMI和身体素质总分呈负相关。男、女生超重组和肥胖组BMI与1 000 m/800 m成绩呈正相关,体重偏轻组与立定跳远成绩呈负相关;男生超重组与引体向上成绩、女生超重组及肥胖组与仰卧起坐成绩呈负相关(P值均<0.05)。结论超重和肥胖对耐力和肌肉耐力成绩的负影响明显,体重偏轻对下肢爆发力的正影响明显。

Objective To explore the correlation between body mass index（ BMI） and physical fitness among college students. Methods Participants were 1 834 students from 49 universities or colleges in Tianjin. Pearson partial correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between different category of BMI and physical fitness. Results The overall prevalence of obesity was 3.77% and 0.77% in males and females, respectively, and prevalence of low weight were 8.07% and 12.21% in males and females, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient between physical fitness and BMI was-0.27（ P〈0.01） and-0.17（ P〈0.01） in male and female, respectively. Most of male students with low BMI group had low fitness. No significant correlation was found between fitness and BMI among normal BMI group（ P〉0. 05）. Fitness was negatively with BMI among overweight and obesity male students. In females, there was no significant correlation between fitness and BMI among low BMI normal BMI and overweight group, and negative correlation between BMI and fitness scores. Both in males and females, scores of 1 000 m, 800 m closely related with BMI among overweight and obesity group; and it seemed a negative correlation between underweight BMI and their longjump performance. And there was significantly negative correlation between overweight and scores of pull-up among males and overweight / obesity and scores of sit-up among females. Conclusion There is no gender difference among different category of BMI distribution. The significant negative correlation was found between their BMI and scores of physical fitness among males and females.Performance of endurance and muscular endurance could be negative affected by overweight and obesity, while explosive power of lower limbs could be positively affected by low BMI.