中国传统村落共同体研究

Study on Chinese Traditional Village Community

关于中国传统村落的共同体性质一直存在争议,共同体肯定论者认为中国村落具有村级的自治组织,村民在生产生活中存在互助和合作,是紧密内聚的村落共同体。共同体否定论者认为中国村落缺乏边界,村民间的合作多建立在合理打算基础上,村民对村干部缺乏真正的认同和信任,中国村落只能称之为生活共同体,而不能称为村落共同体。超越二元论派则认为中国村落内部合作与冲突并存,村民既是追逐个人利益的小私有经营者也是互助友爱的共同体成员。宗族、神明信仰、水利、防卫和治安、生产生活互助以及村中公共事业被看成是中国传统村落共同体联结的重要基础。

It is controversial that whether a Chinese village is a community. Some researchers believe a Chinese village is a close community in which villagers have mutual aid and cooperation.However,some other scholars suggest a Chinese village is merely a life community without trust and identification between village cadres and villagers. Villagers' cooperation is built on ration and there are no boundaries between villages. Some scholars transcend dualism and think conflict and cooperation coexist during in a village. Villagers follow both rational principle and moral principle. Clan,religion irrigation,defense,public security,mutual aid and public service are important bonds of village community.