安徽省2011-2015年发热伴血小板减少综合征流行特征分析

Epidemiological analysis on severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Anhui Province,2011-2015

目的了解安徽省发热伴血小板减少综合征（severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome,SFTS）的流行特征,为该病的预防控制提供科学依据。方法用描述性研究方法对2011-2015年安徽省发热伴血小板减少综合征监测数据进行系统分析。结果 2011-2015年,安徽省医疗机构报告SFTS 575例,占报告病例总数的84.19%（575/683）。5年间,报告病例数不断增多,报告发病率呈上升趋势（2趋势=217.56,P〈0.001）,但病死率却在下降。实验室诊断病例共330例,主要分布在安徽省中部地区;从3月份开始流行,5~7月为病例报告高峰;男女性别比约为1.14∶1;发病年龄集中在40~74岁年龄组（87.27%）,并且报告的死亡病例全部集中在此年龄组;职业分布以农民为主（87.27%）。聚集性疫情发生最可能的因素是接触死者的血液和分泌物。结论发热伴血小板减少综合征报告病例在安徽省分布广泛,报告病例数逐年上升,发病具有明显的季节性。因此,要做好重点地区、高危人群的监测和防控工作。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome（ SFTS） in Anhui Province,and to provide scientific evidence for the disease control and prevention. Methods A descriptive epidemiological study method was used to analyze the surveillance data of SFTS in Anhui Province during2011 to 2015. Results The vast majority of cases（ 575 cases,84. 19%） of SFTS were reported by medical institutions in Anhui province from 2011 to 2015. As the number of reported SFTS cases continuously increased,its incidence was on the rise. But the case fatality rate（ CFR） had steadily decreased. There were 330 cases confirmed by laboratory. These cases were mainly reported in the middle area of Anhui province. Every year the prevalence began at March and the peak of occurrence was from May to July. Among these cases,the ratio of male to female was 1. 14： 1. The majority（ 87. 27%） were40 to 74 years old,which included all of the deaths. 87. 27% were farmers. The family clusters of SFTSV infections were most likely to result from contacting the blood and secretions of the index case. Conclusions SFTS reported cases exist widely in Anhui province and the reported cases increase year by year and the incidence time mainly concentrated from May to July. Therefore,we must work on the surveillance and prevention of SFTS among high risk population in high-risk area.