热带森林不同演替阶段蚂蚁巢穴的分布特征及其影响因素

Distribution characteristics of ant mounds and correlating factors across different succession stages of tropical forests in Xishuangbanna

为探明热带森林蚂蚁巢穴的分布特征及其影响因素,采用样方法研究了西双版纳不同演替阶段热带森林定居巢穴蚂蚁的种类及其巢穴的密度、盖度和空间分布特征,并分析了土壤理化环境与蚂蚁种类总数、巢穴密度及盖度的相关性。结果表明,不同演替阶段热带森林蚂蚁种类总数、巢穴的密度及盖度大小顺序为:小果野芭蕉(Musa acuminata)群落>白背桐(Mallotus paniculatus)群落>思茅崖豆(Mellettia leptobotrya)群落,并且热带森林的演替类型显著影响蚂蚁种类总数及巢穴密度,而对巢穴盖度的影响未达到显著水平;蚂蚁种类总数、巢穴密度与土壤总有机碳和水解氮显著正相关,与土壤容重和土壤含水率显著负相关,但所选择的土壤理化指标与巢穴盖度的相关性均未达到显著水平;蚂蚁巢穴的空间分布呈随机分布格局。我们的数据表明,不同演替阶段热带森林所形成的植被类型及土壤环境状况共同影响定居的蚂蚁种类总数与筑巢密度。

In order to understand the distribution characteristics of ant mounds and influencing factors in tropical forests, we surveyed ant species, density, coverage and spatial distribution patterns of ant mounds in three successional stages of tropical forests in Xishuangbanna and analyzed correlations between these variables with soil physico-chemical properties. We found that（1） ant species richness, density and coverage of ant mounds in the three successional stages of tropical forests were ranked as： Musa acuminata community Mallotus paniculatus community Mellettia leptobotrya community;（2） successional forest type significantly impacted ant species richness and density of ant mounds but had no significant effects on ant mound coverage;（3） ant species richness and nest density was significantly and positively correlated with total soil organic carbon and soil hydrolysis nitrogen, but negatively correlated with soil bulk density and soil moisture content, besides, there were no significant correlations between soil physico-chemical properties and mound coverage. The spatial patterns of ant mounds indicated a random distribution. We conclude that the successional vegetation types and soil properties may exert a crucial effect on ant species richness and settlement density in secondary tropical forests of Xishuangbanna.