灾害场景的解释逻辑、神话与文化记忆

Explaining Logic of Disaster Site and Myth and Cultural Memory

神话是社会和历史记忆的一部分,对于人类学家来说,神话记忆不是遥远的产物,而是与当下有着密切的联系。研究灾害神话就是研究隐藏在神话后面的"史实"及其对当代社会的功能和价值。西南少数民族神话中有很多与灾害有关,如洪水神话、干旱神话、风雨雷电神话、火神话等,它们通过口传和民族文字的方式得以传承,具有防灾减灾的价值。灾害神话揭示了跨文化对灾害认知的异同,反映出灾害文化在不同民族文化背景下的演进方式。灾害神话是确立一种因果关系的认知模式,它以传统知识、历史和文化记忆、宇宙观为基础,形成灾害场景的解释逻辑。

Myth is a part of society and historical memory,myth memory is not a distant thing for anthropologist,and it has close relation with the present.Disaster myth study is to study the ＂real truth＂ which is behind the myth and its value and function to the current society.National myth of Southwest minorities contains many disaster myth,such as flood myth,drought myth,rain and storm myth,fire myth and so on.These myth were inherited through the form of mouth to mouth and national words,which had the function of preventing disasters and reducing damages.Disaster myth showed the cognitive similarities and differences of cross-culture and reflects the different evolving ways in different culture.It is a cognitive model for setting up a causual relation.Based on traditional knowledge,historical and cultural memory,it is formed the explaining logic of disaster site.