甘青川边藏区传统部落非正式社会控制刍议

A Rustic Opinion on the Traditional Tribes' Informal Social Control in Tibetan Areas in Gansu,Qinghai and Sichuan

甘青川边藏区传统部落非正式社会控制注重从精神层面,劝谕与教化,培养成员的部落认同感、归属感、荣誉感,警戒那些有可能威胁与危及部落团结与安全的个体或群体行为,并以山神崇拜与脍炙人口的史诗、说唱艺术、谚语等等喜闻乐见的文学形式,发挥着非正式的象征控制与仪式控制的功能。非正式社会控制侧重于预防越轨行为与社会失序,有利于降低社会成本,但其浓厚的部落色彩却是现代化转型中必须扬弃的内容。

The traditional tribes＇ informal social control in Tibetan areas in these three provinces emphasized persuading and teaching from the spiritual level,to foster the sense of identity,belonging and honor of members,and be alert about the individual and group behaviors that might threaten the unity and safe the tribe,by mountain God worship and the literature forms of epic,talking-singing arts and proverbs to function as informal symbol control and rite control.Informal social control lays particular emphasis on preventing deviance and social disorder that is in favor of lowering the social cost,but its tribe feature is the key that should be discarded in modern transition.