论土司治理边疆中西南少数民族宗教文化的作用

The Function of Religion and Culture in Governing of Chieftain in Southwest Minority Areas

自然地理环境和西南边疆远古部族复杂的构成及其传统文化的多元多态等原因,使得西南边疆历来被视为少数民族传统宗教文化汇聚、贮存之地。土司制度的源头可追溯到秦汉时期时西南边疆部族的"羁縻"制度,在文化意义上看,这实际都与中原王朝通过治理边疆而延伸其王权威服下的国家构建及疆域想象有关。土司治理边疆的本质是延续和发展了中原王朝文化治边的策略,土司治理西南边疆社会成功与否取决于中央王朝对西南边疆部族持有的多元多态的宗教文化及其社会构成的了解和把握,在以汉地文化为中心的教化及凝聚意识主导下,中央王朝利用土司治理边疆在实际上是对边疆部族采取贱其所有、贵其所无的政策。

Southwest minority borderland has always been regarded as the place of multiple cultures for the causes of its geographic location,complicated tribes and traditional cultures.The chieftain system can be traced back to the control system of Qin Dynasty on this land.On the cultural sense,it is really connected with the empire power expanding to the borderland and imagination of borderland.The nature of chieftains＇ borderland governing is to continue and develop the central government＇s policy,its success lies in the control and understand of the central government about the pluralistic culture and religion of the land and its social construction.With the educating of Han culture and cohesion sense,the central government used the chieftain system to decrease what it had and reinforce what it didn＇t have.