元谋干热河谷旱地玉米-小麦不同覆盖保水栽培措施的水分效应

Effects of different covering measures on soil moisture for corn-wheat cultivation in dry-hot valley of Yuanmou

为了探究元谋干热河谷区旱地农田水分生产情况,在典型旱地布置玉米-小麦田间试验,比较不同覆盖保水栽培措施的水分效应。结果表明,秸秆和地膜覆盖都具有保水作用,且地膜秸秆两元覆盖方式的保水效果尤其明显,且0~30 cm土壤水分变化较为活跃,30~60 cm土壤水分变化相对稳定,60~100 cm土壤水分变化最为稳定;土壤贮水、蓄水情况为处理Ⅰ〈处理Ⅱ〈处理Ⅲ〈处理Ⅳ,全年耗水强度处理Ⅰ〉处理Ⅱ〉处理Ⅲ〉处理Ⅳ,综合分析不同覆盖措施保水增产效果,为西南干热河谷区旱作农业合理应用覆盖栽培技术提供理论参考和实践指导。

To explore the soil moisture in dry-hot valley of Yuanmou, a com-wheat trial was conducted at a typical dryland. The soil moisture with different coverage measures was compared. The results showed that： straw and plastic film mulching both showed the ability for water conservation. Double mulching of straw and plastic films showed the best water conservation effect. The change of water content was active in 0 -30 cm soil layer, relatively stable in 30-60 cm soil layer, and the most stable in 60-100 cm soil layer. The soil water store capacity was： treatment Ⅰ 〈 treatment Ⅱ 〈 treatment Ⅲ〈 treatment Ⅳ, while the annual water consumption intensity was： treatment Ⅰ〉 treatment Ⅱ 〉 treatment Ⅲ〉 treatment Ⅳ. The analyses of water conservation and yield increasing with different coverage measures can offer a theoretical reference and practical guide for using suitable cultivation technology in dry-hot valley of southwest China.