从文字学视角浅析《字说》

Discussion on the ZiShuo From the perspective of linguistics

以张宗祥辑录、曹锦炎点校的《王安石<字说>辑》为参考,对《字说》所有的字的说解进行考察,从以下两个方面分析《字说》:首先,成就表现在说明语源,考证名物,注重经世致用。其次,缺陷表现在指导思想和释义方法上。如,在指导思想上,王安石宣扬个人政治主张,为政治服务,偏离了文字学的轨道。在释义时,否定许慎的"六书"理论,以"会意法"为中心来分析字形说解字义,对很多字形随意拆分,主观说解词义。从文字学的角度来分析王氏对汉字的解释,客观地认识《字说》的得与失。

This article analyzes Wang Anshi＇s ZiShuo series which is collected by Zhang Zongxiang, collated by Coo J inyan, from the perspective of philology. The article analyzes ZiShuo from the following two aspects：firstly, achievements in illustrating the etymology,explaining the reason of naming and paying attention to practical. Secondly, disadvantages in guiding ideologies, and analysis methods. Such as, serving the politics and orbitting the way of philology. When explaining the meaning of words,he denied Xv Shen＇s ＂Liu Shu＂ and used ＂Associative Compounds＂ to analyze the words causing many subjective errors. To analyze the interpretations of ZiShuo from the perspective of philology,and to understand the gain and loss of ZiShuo objectivly,is very essential to today＇s language studies.