屈赋中的“彭咸之谜”

The myth of Peng Xian in Chu Ci

对屈赋中彭咸身份的厘定关系到屈原之死:是否投水自杀?关系到屈原的思想:是否有浓厚的"神仙"观念?也关系到上古的民俗神话等。虽然对于彭咸到底是何神人?历来颇多猜测,但都没有一个较为可信的结论。笔者从宗教神话学的角度出发,考量彭咸的神话质地,通过对巫彭、巫咸、咸池、玄冥等的比较,发现"彭"、"咸"是先秦时期广为人知的神祇,并且当是巫者之宗主神。而"咸池≈玄冥(幽冥)"其实就是宇宙瀛海,也是灵魂的归所,同时也是彭咸所居之处。因此屈原"从彭咸之所居"沉渊而死,其实就象征着魂归玄冥——这一生生不息的宇宙生命之流。

The identity of Qu Yuan＇s Peng Xian, related to the death of Qu Yuan：does he suicide at Miluo River？ And also related to Qu Yuan＇s thought： is there a strong immortal concept？ And also related to the ancient folk myths, etc. Although there are a lot of speculation about who is Qu Yuan＇s Peng Xian, but none of these are credible. I study on the myth of Peng Xian from the perspective of mythology. By the comparing of Wu Peng, Wu Xian, Xian Chi and Xuan Ming, we found that＂Peng＂,＂Xian＂ are widely known gods in pre-Qin period and they are the gods of wizards. In fact, ＂Xian Chi ~ Xuan Ming （The nether world）＂ is the cosmic ocean. And also the home of soul, the residence of Peng Xian. In fact, Qu Yuan＇s following with Peng Xian suicide himself at Miluo River is the symbolizing of coming back to the endless cosmic ocean.