17个大麦矮秆候选种质的农艺性状差异和育种价值评价

Difference Analysis on the Agronomic Traits and Evaluation on the Breeding Value of 17 Candidate Bayley Dwarf Germplasmes in China

矮秆种质是大麦新品种选育的重要基因资源,但一些不良性状使得育种中可被广泛使用的大麦矮秆种质的数量较少。利用已鉴定的矮秆大麦品种矮秆齐、尺八大麦和浙皮1号为对照,本研究鉴定了17大麦品种的株高,筛选到16份大麦矮秆种质,其中特矮秆种质11份、普通矮秆种质5份。在16份大麦矮秆种质中,尺八大麦、红原黑青稞和机械裸等7份矮秆种质携带矮秆基因uzu,Himalaya Hrmdaya和印度矮生分别携带矮秆基因br或sdw。方差分析和多重比较结果表明:16份矮秆种质种具有1或多个优良性状,且株高与低单穗粒重、低结实率或低百粒重等性状没有关联性,可用作矮化育种亲本。在16份矮秆种质中,91G-318、Himalaya Hrmdaya和加久等6份矮秆材料携带br、sdw或其他未知矮秆基因,可作为中国大麦矮化育种的新基因资源。

Dwarf germplasm is an important resource for the barley breeding, but some detrimental traits have effectively reduced the amount of dwarf germplasm used widely in barley breeding. By using three dwarf varieties, Aiganqi, Chibadamai and Zhepi 1 Hao, proven to be dwarf variety in previous studies as control materials, the plant high of 17 varieties were identified, and 16 dwarf germplasms were selected from these candidate varieties in the present paper. Among 16 dwarf germplams, 11 materials belong to super dwarf germplasm, and the others belong to common dwarf germplasm respectively, 7 materials including Chibadamai, Hongyuanheiqingke and Jixieluo contains dwarf gene uzu, Himalaya Hrmdaya, Yinduaisheng contains dwarf gene br, sdw respectively. The results from variance analysis and multiple comparison show that each dwarf germplasm among 16 dwarf germplasms has one or more excellent agronomic traits, and the correlation between plant high and low single plant kernel weight, plant high and low seed setting rate, plant high and low weight of one hundred grains et al. is not detected too, so they can be used as dwarf parents in barley breeding. Among 16 dwarf germplasms, 6 barley varieties including 91G-318, Himalaya Hrmdaya and Jiajiu, etc., have dwarf gene br, sdw or unknown dwarf gene respectively, and can be used as new dwarf gene resource in barley breeding in China.