辣木害虫及其防治研究进展

Review of Moringa oleifera Insect Pests and Control Methods

辣木(Moringa oleifera Lam.)原产于印度北部喜马拉雅山地区,耐旱力强,喜生于沙壤土,是一种多年生常绿或落叶小乔木。作为一种多用途速生乔木树种,其植株的每个部位都有相应的利用价值,因此具有广泛地开发和应用前景。目前随着国内外辣木产业的发展,辣木的种植面积不断扩大,而病虫害则成了制约辣木产业发展的瓶颈。本文总结了国内外报道的辣木害虫种类、危害情况和防治方法,为提高辣木产品的产量、质量,推动国内辣木产业的发展奠定基础。其中总结出能够危害辣木的害虫及其他有害生物共40余种,危害状各异。害虫在辣木生长发育的各个阶段均会为害,对各个部位都有不同程度的危害,对根部和叶片的危害最重。对于防治措施,建议从生态和健康的角度出发,以农业防治、物理防治为主,大力开发生物防治技术,应用多种防治方法对有害生物进行综合治理。

Moringa oleifera is a small perennial evergreen or deciduous plant species, native to the Himalayan regions of Northwestern India, which highly adapt to arid and sandy loam soil conditions. As a multiply-use and fast-growing plant species, each part of the plant has its special utilization value. Therefore, M. oleifera has been extensive development and application prospects. With the increasing cultivation area of M. oleifera, diseases and insect pests become a bottleneck which restricts the further development of M. oleifera industry. Insect pests on M. oleifera and their damages and management have been reviewed and discussed in this paper based on previous researches worldwide to improve the quality and quantity of M. oleifera production. There are more than 40 main pest species found on M. oleifera, which can cause damages to different parts and development stages of M. oleifera. The most severe damage is to the roots and leaves. It is recommended that from the ecology and health perspectives, integrated pest management should be carried out with regard to management of these pests, using agricultural, physical and biological control methods.