结肠镜检查患者疼痛及影响因素分析

Influencing Factor Analysis of Pain in Patients Underwent Colonoscopy

目的了解结肠镜检查患者疼痛情况,并分析其影响因素,为护理人员采取相应护理措施以减轻患者疼痛提供理论依据。方法 2015年4-9月,便利抽样法选取在第二军医大学长征医院内镜中心行结肠镜检查的378名患者为研究对象,采用一般情况调查表、特质应对问卷和"长海痛尺"对其进行调查,并分析其结果。结果行结肠镜检查的患者的疼痛评分为(2.93±1.32)分。患者积极应对因子得分为(31.70士3.99)分,高于健康人群,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);而消极应对因子得分为(29.14士5.04)分,低于健康人群,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。单因素分析显示,不同年龄、性别、文化水平、饮食偏好以及检查顺利程度的患者,其疼痛得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。检查顺利程度、患者的积极应对方式、患者的消极应对方式、经常腹泻等是影响结肠镜检查患者疼痛的主要因素(均P<0.01)。结论护理工作者应提醒患者保持大便通畅,尤其需要重视患者的心理因素对结肠镜检查的影响。在检查前应尽量激发患者以积极的应对方式来应对结肠镜检查。

Objective To understand the pain of patients underwent colonoscopy,and analysis its influen-cing factors,in order to provide theoretical evidence for nursing personnel to take targeted nursing meas-ures to relieve the pain.Methods By convenience sampling,378 cases were selected and investigated by general scale,self-designed copying questionnaire and Changhai Pain Scale,and the results were analyzed. Resuls The pain score was （2.93±1.32）.The positive coping factor score was （31.70±3.99）,which was higher than that of healthy people （P〈0.01）,while the negative factor score was （29.14±5.04）,which was lower than that of healthy people （P〈0.01）.The single factor analysis showed the differences of pain self-evaluated score between patients with different age,gender,education background,diet preference and smooth doctors self-evaluation （all P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）.The main influencing factors were smooth exami-nation,patients positive copying style,patients negative copying style and frequent diarrhea （all P〈0.01）. Conclusions Nursing staffs should remind patients to maintain defecate unobstructed,especially pay more attention to the patients’psychological factors in colonoscopy,and try to encourage them to act in a posi-tive way to cope with colonoscopy.