遗传与环境对儿童青少年同伴关系影响的双生子研究

Twin studies on the influence of heredity and environment on children and adolescents＇ peer relationship

目的探讨遗传与环境因素对儿童青少年同伴关系的影响。方法使用父母版长处与困难问卷（strengths and difficulties questionnaire，SDQ）对重庆地区178对6～18岁双生子的同伴关系进行调查，运用Open—Mx和SPSS20．0对调查结果进行遗传因素分析、描述性统计和Pearson相关分析。结果非共享环境因素对男性、女性儿童青少年同伴关系的影响为0．37、0．40（95％CI=0．24—0．57、95％CI=O0．27～0．58），共享环境因素对女性同伴关系的影响为0．60（95％CI=0．42～0．73）；遗传因素对男性同伴关系的影响为0．63（95％CI=0．43～0．76）。非共享环境和遗传因素对年龄≥11岁组的影响大于年龄〈11岁组，其影响分别为0．51、0．38（95％CI=0—0．72、0～0．58），0．38、0．32（95％CI=0—0．65、0～0．70）；而共享环境因素对年龄≥11岁组的影响小于年龄〈11岁组，其影响分别为0．11、0．30（95％CI=0～0．54、0～0．67）。同卵组、男性组、女性组、年龄≥11岁组、文化程度≤6年组、文化程度〉6年组与家庭亲密度和适应性均呈负相关；异卵组与适应性呈负相关，与亲密度相关性不明显；年龄〈11岁组与家庭亲密度和适应性均不相关。结论不同性别、年龄的儿童青少年，其同伴关系受遗传因素和环境因素的影响不同，其中男性受遗传因素影响为主，女性受共享环境因素影响为主，而非共享环境因素对男性、女性的影响均不容忽视；年龄越大，非共享环境对同伴关系影响越大，共享环境影响越小。此外，因卵型、年龄不同，家庭环境中的亲密度与适应性对其影响程度也不同。

Objective To explore the influence of genetic and environmental factors on children and adolescents＇ peer relationship. Methods The peer relations of 178 twin pairs from Chongqing, aged from 6 to 18, were investigated with the strengths and difficulties questionnaire （SDQ） parents version, and then the survey data were analyzed for genetic, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis with statistical software Open-Mx and SPSS 20.0. Result Non-shared environment factors had an impact on peer relationship of male and female children, 0.37, 0.40 （95%CI=0.24 to 0.37, 95%CI=0.27 to 0.58）. The peer relations of female child and adolescent were influenced by shared environment factors, 0.60 （95%CI=0.42 to 0.73）. And the peer relations of male child and adolescent were affected by the genetic factors, 0.63 （95%CI=0.43 to 0.76）. The impact of non-shared environmental and genetic factors on the group aged 11 and older was greater than the group younger than 11 years old, 0.51, 0.38 （95%CI=0 to 0.72, 0 to 0.58）, 0.38, 0.32 （95%CI=0 to 0.65, 0 to 0.70）, and the shared environmental factors can affect the group younger than 11 years old, 0.11, 0.30 （95%CI=0 to 0.54, 0 to 0.67）. For the homozygotic twin group, the male and female group, the group aged 11 and older or the group educated for longer or shorter than 6 years, the peer relations of child and adolescent and the family cohesion and adaptability were negatively related. And the peer relations of the dizygotie twin group were negatively correlated with adaptability but the degree of intimacy was not obvious. There was no obvious correlation between peer relations and family cohesion and adaptability in the group younger than 11 years old. Coneluslon According to different gender and age, the effect of genetic and environmental factors on peer relationships of child and adolescent is diverse. The male are mainly influenced by genetic factors, while the female are mainly affected by the shared environment. And the impact of non-shared environment on both male and female should not be ignored. The greater the age, the greater the impact of non shared environment on peer relationship, the smaller the impact of sharing environment. In addition, the role of family cohesion and adaptability in the peer relations is different because of egg type and ages.