球头铣刀倾角对硬铝合金工件表面形貌的影响

Effect of inclination-angle of ball-milling cutter on surface morphology of hard aluminium alloy workpiece

基于运动齐次坐标的变换矩阵和矢量运算法则,结合多轴铣削的特点,在充分考虑刀具倾角变化的基础上,建立球头铣刀铣削过程中刀齿的运动轨迹方程,给出了加工表面形貌的仿真思路,并对仿真方法进行了优化.仿真分析了侧倾角和前倾角对表面形貌的影响规律,结果表明：刀具倾斜有利于提高表面质量,但是侧倾和前倾对表面形貌的影响规律不同,正向侧倾加工效果最好,负向侧倾加工效果最差;而正向前倾和负向前倾的加工效果基本一致,并且介于正向侧倾和负向侧倾之间;当侧倾角为10°～20°时或前倾角为±10°时加工表面粗糙度最小.分析结果对多轴铣削加工时刀具倾角的选择和调整具有较好的指导意义.

Based on the motion homogeneous coordinate transformation matrix and vector-operation rule combining with the feature of multi-axis-milling, and on the basis of full consideration of the change of milling cutter＇s inclination angle, the motion trajectory equation of ball-end milling cutter processing is established, and the simulation thinking of machined surface morphology is given, and the simulation method is optimized. The pattern of influence of side inclination angle and front inclination angle on surface morphology is analyzed simulatively. The analysis result shows that the inclining of cutter will be benefi- cial to improve the surface quality, but the effect pattern of side inclination on surface morphology will be different from that of front inclination. Positive side inclination of the cutter is the best option to improve surface quality, On the contrary, Negative side inclination of the cutter will be the worst. However, the positive and negative front inclination will basically be the same for machining effect and their machining effect will be between that of positive and negative side inclining. The milling surface roughness will be minimum when the side inclination angle is from 10° to 20° or the front inclination angle is about ± 10°. The analysis result has a better guidance value for selection and adjustment of cutter inclination angle for multi-axis milling machining.