论美国南海战略的演变及其对南海问题的介入

The Strategy of US towards South China Sea and the Interference of US on This Issue

冷战爆发之初,尽管美中在东亚陷入对抗,但鉴于中国陆权国家的发展定位及苏联未渗入南海,美国对南海并不重视,没有形成系统的南海战略。南海问题于1970年代凸显之际正值美中抗苏伙伴关系初成之时,美国就中国的有限海权伸张持不介入中立立场。伴随冷战终结及美中结构性矛盾凸显,美国遂抛弃中立主义,秉持积极干涉主义介入南海问题,在南部海疆施行对华防遏。至奥巴马政府,特别由于中方主动将南海纳入国家核心利益范畴,美中就南海问题博弈更趋激烈。借助"再平衡"战略,美方形成涉入南海议题的系统方案,严重复杂化了南海问题的妥善解决。南海问题也成为美国避免亚太战略格局由美中二元并立滑向美中二元共治局面的战略棋子。

In the early stage of the Cold War, although US fell into confrontation with China, but asto China was merely a land power and USSR did not get involved the South China Sea issue, so the USgovernment did not pay much attention towards the South China Sea. When the South China Sea issue gotintensified during 1970s, US and China were establishing the alliance against USSR, so the US governmentadopted a neutral position towards China＇ s limited maritime expansion. After the end of Cold War, thedeep-rooted structural contradictions between US and China got intensified gradually, so the US governmentabandoned the neutralism and adopted interventionism towards the South China Sea issue. As to the Obamaadministration, China officially brought the South China Sea into the conception of Core National Interestsof China,so the contradiction,between US and China got more intensified. Then the US government adoptedthe Rebalance Strategy and got into the South China Sea issue on full scale.