舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂治疗小儿过敏性哮喘的疗效及其对肺功能的影响

The Efficacy and Effect on Pulmonary Function of Sublingual Immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides Farinae Drops for the Children with Allergic Asthma

目的探讨舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂治疗小儿过敏性哮喘的疗效及其对肺功能的影响。方法选取2014年1月至2015年3月天门市第一人民医院收治的135例对粉尘螨过敏的过敏性哮喘息儿作为研究对象，按随机数字表法分为试验组（68例）和对照组（67例）。对照组患儿予常规抗变态反应药物治疗，试验组患儿在常规治疗的基础上同时舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂，将滴剂滴于舌下，含1-3min后吞服，每日1次。观察比较两组患儿治疗前后的临床疗效、肺功能指标变化以及每次含服粉尘螨滴剂后的不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后，试验组日间和夜间哮喘症状评分低于对照组[（0．76±0．25）分比（1．46±0．45）分，（0．78±0．32）分比（1．38±0．51）分]，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；试验组呼气峰流速、第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）和FEV1／用力肺活量高于对照组[（90±B）％比（68±7）％，（90±7）次／min比（69±7）次／rain，84．2±6．1比61．1±7．2]，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。试验组局部和全身不良反应发生率均低于对照组[14．7％（10／68）比29．8％（20／57），25．0％（17／68）比41．8％（28／67）]，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂能明显改善过敏性哮喘患儿的临床症状，减少哮喘病情急性发作，提高患儿肺功能，对过敏性哮喘患儿的治疗预后良好。

Objective To explore the efficacy and effect on pulmonary function of sublingual immuno- therapy with dermatophagoides farinae drops for the children with allergic asthma. Methods Total of 135 children with allergic asthma in Tianmen First People＇s Hospital from Jan. 2014 to Mar. 2015 were randomly divided into a trial group（68 cases） and a control group（67 cases）. The control group was treated with conventional anti-asthmatic drugs,and the trim group was treated with dermatophagoides farinae drops keeping under tongue based on the control group＇s regimen. The clinical effect ,change of lung function index and the occurrence of adverse reactions of the two groups were observed and compared. Results After treatment, the daytime and nighttime asthma symptom scores of the trial group were lower than the control group[ （0. 76 ± 0. 25 ） score vs （ 1.46 ±0. 45 ） score, （0. 78 ±0. 32 ） score vs （ 1.38 ± 0.51 ） score ], the differences were statistically significant（ P 〈 0. 01 ） ; the peak expiratory flow, expiratory volume in one second （ FEV1 ） and FEV1/foreed vital capacity breathing of the trial group were higher than the control group[ （90±8 ）% vs （68±7）% ,（90±7） times/min vs （69±7） times/min,84. 2±6. 1 vs 61.1±7.2] ,the differences were statistically significant（ P 〈 0. 01 ）. The local and systemic adverse reactions incidence of the trial group were both lower than the control group[14. 7% （ 10/68 ） vs 29.8% （ 20/67 ）, 25.0% （ 17/68 ） vs 41.8% （ 28/ 67 ） ], the differences statistically significant （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion The sublingual dermatophagoides farinae drops can significantly improve the symptoms of the children with allergic asthma, reduce the acute asthma attacks and improve the lung function of the children ,which is better for the prognosis of the children with allergic asthma.