臭氧与甲醛熏蒸消毒乙型肝炎病毒沾染床垫效果比较

Comparison of formaldehyde fumigation and ozone sterilizer for disinfection of HBV infected medical bed matress

目的比较甲醛熏蒸及臭氧消毒机消毒医用床垫的效果。方法选取实验室乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)和乙型肝炎病毒脱氧核糖核酸(HBV-DNA)标本以及被临床确诊乙型肝炎患者血清样本污染的床垫,根据消毒方法的不同,分为臭氧消毒组、甲醛消毒组和空白组,分别给予相应时间的消毒处理。通过化学发光法和RT-PCR方法检测其中HBsAg和HBV-DNA表达的差别,并与未染毒的阴性样片作比照,观察三种方法消毒效果的不同。结果实验室验证结果:与空白组比较,臭氧消毒组样片消毒40min后HBsAg转阴,消毒10min、20min、25min、30min、40min后HBsAg和HBV-DNA的表达有所下降(均P<0.01);甲醛消毒组消毒10min后HBsAg转阴,消毒10min、20min、25min、30min、40min后HBV-DNA的表达有所下降(均P<0.01)。空白组中,不同时间样片中HBsAg和HBV-DNA的表达无明显差异(P>0.05)。临床验证结果:与空白组比较,臭氧消毒组床垫消毒1h、2h、4h、8h后床垫上HBsAg和HBV-DNA的表达有所下降,但仍高于阴性样片,消毒12h后HBsAg和HBV-DNA的表达与阴性样片相比无明显差异。甲醛消毒组消毒1h后床垫上HBsAg和HBV-DNA的表达有所下降,与阴性样片相比无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论甲醛熏蒸及臭氧消毒机对于乙型肝炎病毒污染的床垫均有确切的消毒效果。臭氧消毒消毒时间偏长,甲醛消毒迅速但刺激性大,临床应根据实际需求选择合适的床垫消毒方法。

Objective To compare the effect of formaldehyde fumigation and ozone sterilizer for disinfection of HBV infected medical bed matress. Methods Hepatitis B antigen （HBsAg） and hepatitis B virus （HBV DNA） specimens, and bed matress contaminated by serum samples of clinically conformative hepatitis B patients, were selected and divided into three groups： an ozone disinfection group, a formaldehyde disinfection group and a control group, being subjected to ozone disinfection, formaldehyde disinfection and no treatment at all respectively, for a period of time. HBsAg and HBV-DNA expression were measured through chemiluminescence and RT PCR, and made comparison with negative samples. The effect of three disinfection methods was also compared. Results In laboratory tests： compared to the control group, HBsAg in the ozone disinfection group turned negative after 40 minutes＇disinfection, the expression of HBsAg and HBV-DNA decreased after disinfection for 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes （P〈0.01 for all） ; HBsAg in the formaldehyde disinfection group turned negative after disinfection for 10 minutes, the expression of HBV-DNA decreased after disinfection for 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes （P〈0.05）. In the control group, the expression of HBsAg and HBV-DNA had no significant difference in any different time （P〈0.05）. In clinical test： compared to the control group, the expression of HBsAg and HBV-DNA in bed matress of ozone disinfection group decreased after disinfection for 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, but still higher than the negative samples; 12 hours after disin- fection, HBsAg and HBV-DNA expression had no significant difference compared with the negative sample. The expression of HBsAg and HBV DNA in bed matress of formaldehyde disinfection group were significantly decreased after 1 hour＇s disinfection, having no significant difference with the negative sample. Conclusion Formaldehyde fumigation and ozone sterilizer both are effective in disinfecting HBV infected medical bed matress, though ozone needs a long period of time to take effect, and formaldehyde gives off irritating fumes. Approapriate disinfection method should be selected for HBV infected bed matress.