《辞源》(修订本)子集疏误举例——兼谈古汉语辞书释义与书证的关系

Examples of Oversights and Mistakes in the Subcollection of the Dictionary Ciyuan(Revised Edition):Also a Discussion on the Correspondence between Paraphrasing and Documentary Evidencing in Ancient Chinese Dictionary

《辞源》在编纂时非常注重辞书的知识性、学术性、客观性,但由于书出众手及其它主客观条件的限制,难以备善。《辞源》(修订本)子集疏误主要在释义、书证及两者的对应关系方面,具体表现为释义不确、义项缺漏、源流失考、书证疏误、义例不合等。由《辞源》(修订本)的这些瑕疵可见,辞书的释义与书证的关系密不可分,造成释义疏误的主要原因在于未能广泛地占有和分析文献语料,书证不当则会造成义例不合,甚至使释义成为误释。

Great emphasis was laid on such qualities as being intellectual,academic and objective during the process of the compiling of Ciyuan.However,the dictionary cannot be so perfect because it had been compiled by many scholars and there were some other subjective and objective conditions as limitations.The major oversights and mistakes in the subcollection of Ciyuan（revised edition）lie in paraphrasing,documentarily evidencing and the corresponding relation between the two,finding their expression in indefinite paraphrasing,gaps and omissions in senses of some entries,lacks of evidence in origins and sources,oversights and mistakes in documentary evidence,mismatch between examples and meaning,and so forth.From these flaws in Ciyuan（revised edition）,an interwoven relation could be seen clearly between the paraphrasing and documentary evidence in a dictionary.The major causes for oversights and mistakes in paraphrasing lie in the incomplete possession and analysis of documentary linguistic data.Inappropriate documentary evidence can lead to mismatches between example and meaning,even to mistakes of interpretation and explanation.