长江中下游双季晚稻低温冷害时空分布

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Chilling Injury of Double Cropping Late Rice in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

水稻是我国最主要的粮食作物之一,应对冷害对于做好水稻生产农业气象服务十分重要。利用近20年来地面气象观测资料,研究了长江中下游地区双季稻晚稻低温冷害的时空分布。结果表明:湖南地区秋季晚稻冷害事件呈现增加趋势,江西、浙江则呈现减少趋势;湖南、江西、浙江8—9月最高气温都呈现上升趋势,而湖南地区最低气温是下降的,江西、浙江则是升高的。全省范围内湖南冷害时间增加,江西、浙江冷害时间减少。因此,在全球变暖的条件下,依然要预防局地降温事件给水稻生产带来的危害,同时在农业气象服务中,可以采取以点带面的方法选取代表站来反映一个地区的状况。

Rice is the main food crops in China,it is very important for improving rice production agriculture meteorological service to deal with chilling injury.Using the ground meteorological observation data recent 20 years ,the spatial and temporal distribution of chilling damage of double cropping late rice were studied in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The results showed that Hunan area and autumn rice chilling injury events showed increasing trend ,Jiangxi and Zhejiang showed decreasing trend;highest temperature of August and September in Hunan ,Jiangxi and Zhejiang showed a rising trend, and the lowest temperature was decreased in Hunan ,Jiangxi and Zhejiang were elevated. Time of chilling injury of Hunan increased,that of Jiangxi and Zhejiang reduced. Therefore ,under the conditions of global warming,we still have to prevent the harm to rice brought by local cooling events, also in agrometeorological service, it can take the method from point to area, select representative station to reflect the status of a region.