水情教育国际经验与对我国的启示

International experiences on water education and lessons learned

水资源短缺、水生态损害、水环境污染等水安全问题日益突显,成为制约国民经济和社会可持续发展的瓶颈。在科学发展观和生态文明建设理念指引下,推进水情教育是解决水安全问题的重要战略举措。综述了国际上的水情教育发展过程和未来趋势,选取具有典型意义的美国、法国、英国、日本等7个国家,从教育对象、手段、内容和典型项目4个方面对其实践经验进行总结,归纳出各国水情教育模式,揭示水情教育一般性规律,参考相关国际经验,提出我国水情教育应制定阶段性战略规划、培育专业人才队伍、重视基础平台及传播体系建设并打造多主体合作的典型项目,以适应国家的战略需求。

Water security is increasingly important since water shortage, ecosystem degradation and environment pollution have become the bottlenecks that restrain the national economy and sustainable development of society.Under the guidance of scientific development concept and ecological conservation, water education should be employed as major strategic measure for safeguarding water security. General introductions are made on the international experiences of water education, as well as its development process and future trend. Summaries of practical experiences in four aspects of education objects, methods, contents and typical projects are conducted by means of selecting typical countries such as USA, France, U.K. and Japan etc. International experiences have been accumulated in the respects of education model and general principles. In order to satisfy national strategic needs, it is suggested to make periodical strategic plans, train professional personnel, focus on basic platform and communication system and typical projects participated with various stakeholders.