青少年女子体操运动员进食障碍的特征分析

Characteristics of Eating Disorders of Adolescent Female Gymnasts

目的:对比青少年女子体操运动员中进食障碍(ED)与非ED者在饮食结构、血液生化以及身体成分等因素的差异.方法:70名青少年女子体操运动员按年龄分为两组:10~14岁组(n=38)和15~19岁组(n=32),通过ED诊断量表将每个年龄组再分为两个亚组——ED组和非ED组.调查受试者能量和营养素摄入量,测定身体成分和血液生化指标.结果:ED的总发生率为37.1%,但在两个年龄组间并无统计学差异(P>0.05).调查问卷中,17.1%的运动员使用过控体质量手段.两个年龄组中ED组体质量、脂肪含量和体脂百分比均高于非ED组(P<0.01).两个年龄组中非ED组蛋白摄入量高于推荐量,10~14岁ED组蛋白摄入量低于非ED组(P<0.01);其他营养素摄入量虽然在ED组和非ED组无统计学差异(P>0.05),但均低于膳食推荐量.21.4%的运动员诊断为铁缺乏,11.4%诊断为缺铁性红细胞生成,14.3%诊断为缺铁性贫血,且两个年龄组中ED组的发生率均高于非ED组.结论:密切关注青少年女子运动员的生理与营养状态对于防治ED尤为重要.

Objective： The purpose is to find out the differences in such factors as diet, blood biochemistry, and body composition between ED and non-ED group in adolescent female gymnasts. Methods： Seventy adolescent female gymnasts were divided into two groups： age 10--14 group （n= 38） and age15--19 group （n= 32）. To investigate the subjects＂ energy and nu- trient intake, and to measure their body composition and blood biochemical indexes, each age group was divided into two sub- groups-ED group and non-ED group by ED diagnostic scale. Results： The total incidence rate of ED was 37.1%, yet no statis- tical difference was found between two age groups （P〉0.05）. According to the questionnaire, weight control measures were used by 17.1% athletes. In the ED age group, the indexes, including weight, fat content and ratio of body fat, are all higher than those of non-ED group（P〈0.01）. In non-ED age group, protein intake was higher than recommended amount. Compared with non-ED group, protein intake of ED group was lower in 10--14 age group （P〈0.01）. Although no significant difference was found in other nutrient intakes（P^0.05）, all of which are lower than dietary recommendations either in ED group or in n0n-ED group. 21.4% athletes were diagnosed with iron deficiency, 11.4% athletes were diagnosed with iron-deficient eryth- ropoiesis and 14.3% athletes were diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia, and the incidence rates of these symptoms in ED group were all higher than those in non-ED group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Close attention should be given to the physiological and nutritional status of young female athletes, which is of particular importance for the prevention and treatment of ED.