不同间作模式对鲁西北地区玉米-大豆群体光合物质生产特征的影响

Effects of Different Maize and Soybean Intercropping Patterns on Population Characteristics of Photosynthetic and Matter Production in Northwest Shandong Region

为了明确与鲁西北地区生产水平和生态条件相适应的间作模式,选用登海605和德豆17为试验材料进行大田试验,以单作玉米(SM)和单作大豆(SS)作对照,设置玉米和大豆2∶4间作(IC1)、2∶6间作(IC2)、4∶4间作(IC3)和4∶6间作(IC4)共4个处理,分析了不同间作模式对玉米-大豆间作群体光合物质生产特征的影响。结果表明,IC3优势明显,群体籽粒产量略低于SM,但差异不显著;间作处理的土地当量比(LER)和相对拥挤系数(K)均高于单作,表明玉米、大豆在间作模式下较单作具有显著的间作优势;侵占力(A)和竞争指数(CR)的变化规律均表明在间作栽培条件下,玉米相对于大豆为竞争优势物种;间作群体经济产值显著高于SM和SS,增值范围为13.93%~22.95%,其中IC3的经济产值最高,分别比SM、SS增加4 144.46元·hm^(-2)和3 546.88元·hm^(-2)。间作群体具有较高的叶面积指数、群体光合势、作物生长率和净同化率,保证了较高的群体干物质积累量,但群体收获指数较低,限制了群体籽粒产量的提高。由于边际优势,间作玉米处理的单株各器官和地上部总重以及收获指数均显著高于单作处理,间作处理之间差异不显著;间作大豆与间作玉米表现规律相反,存在一定的负间作效应。因此,在本试验条件下,玉米-大豆4∶4间作模式下复合群体配置相对合理,生产优势明显。本研究为玉米-大豆间作大面积推广提供了理论依据。

In order to provide theoretical denghai605 and dedoul7, were planted basis for the large-scale extension of maize intercropping soybean, two cuhivars, in field experiments in Dezhou. Monoculture maize and monocuhure soybean were treated as controls, four intercropping patterns such as the ratios of 2： 4, 2： 6, 4： 4, 4：6 for maize intercropping soybean were applied to study their effects of different maize intercropping soybean patterns on population characteristics of photosynthetic and matter production. The results showed that intercropping treatment of 4：4 had obvious advantages, of which grain yield was lower than monoculture maize but has no significant difference. The land equivalent ratio （LER） and relative crowding coefficient （K） were greater in maize intercropping soybean treatments than that monoculture, indicating an advantage of intercropping. The aggressivity （A） and competitive ratio （CR） indicated that maize was the dominant species in maize intercropping soybean system. The economic outputs value of intereropping treatments were significantly higher than monoculture maize and monoculture soybean and ranged between 13.93% and 22.95%. The 4：4 intereropping treatment produced the highest economic output value, which were 4144.46 yuan·hm^-2 and 3546.88 yuan. hm^-2 more than monoculture maize and monoeulture soybean respectively. Intercropping population had higher leaf area index, photosynthetic potentia, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate, which ensured a higher amount of population dry matter accumulation, but harvest index was lower, which ultimately limited the increase of grain yield. As a result of the existence of marginal advantage, single plant organs and the total weight of aboveground and harvest index of intercropping maize were significantly higher than that of monoculture treatment, and no significant difference between intercropping treatments. Intercropping soybean, in contrast to the regularity of performance of intercropping maize, had certain negative effects. Therefore, under the condition of this test, 4：4 intercropping pattern held the relatively reasonable composite configuration and the obvious advantages of production. This study provided the retical basis for the larage-scale extension of maize intercropping soybean.