1岁以下小儿非创伤性颅内出血的临床特征分析

Analysis of clinical characteristics on nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage in children under 1 year old

目的：探讨1岁以下小儿非创伤性颅内出血的病因及临床特征。方法：收集135例1岁以下非创伤性颅内出血者的临床资料,分为新生儿组67例、婴儿组68例,采用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行统计学分析,计数资料的分析采用Fisher精确概率法。结果与结论：颅内出血新生儿组平均发病年龄为4.47 d,≤7 d发病者54例（80.60%）;婴儿组平均发病年龄79.70 d,1-3月龄发病者58例（85.29%）。两组症状、体征的构成比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,面色异常（苍白、青紫）、其他部位出血、烦躁不安在婴儿组发生率更高,而气急更多见于新生儿组;神经反射异常多见于新生儿,而前囟饱满、瞳孔异常、昏迷多见于婴儿。1岁以下小儿非创伤性颅内出血的主要病因新生儿组为新生儿窒息、早产,婴儿组为晚发型维生素K缺乏。

Objective： To investigate the etiology and clinical characteristics of nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage in children under 1 year old. Methods： Clinical information of 135 cases of nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage in baby under the age of 1 year was collected,including 67 newborn,68 infants. The data were analyzed by using Statistical software SPSS20. 0. Analysis of digital data was achieved by using Fisher＇s exact test. Results and Conclusions： The average age morbidity of neonatal group was 4. 47 days,while 54 cases（ 80. 60%） under the age of 7 days. The average age morbidity of infants group was 79. 70 days,while 58 cases（ 85. 29%） aged from 1-3 months. Constituent ratio of symptoms and signs between the two groups had significantly difference（ P〈0. 05）. Abnormal complexion（ pale,cyanoze）,hemorrhage in other region,irritability had higher incidence in infants,while shortness of breath was more common in newborn. Nerve reflex abnormalities was more common in the newborn,while the plump bregma,abnormal pupil,coma were more common in infants. In neonatal group,the major etiological diagnosis is neonatal asphyxia,prematurity. In infant group,the main etiological diagnosis is delayed vitamin K deficiency.