我国6省市专科护士配备及卧床患者常见并发症护理管理现况调查

An investigation on the nursing management of common complications in bedridden patients in six provinces in China

目的:调查我国卧床患者常见并发症科室层面的护理管理现况及其相应专科护士配备情况。方法:采用自行设计的问卷对我国6个省市的158个三级医院科室、61个二级医院科室和21个一级医院科室护士长进行调查。结果:只有35.80%的科室开展了4种常见并发症的风险评估;84.58%的科室开展了出院患者随访管理;55.00%的科室配备了专科护士,专科护士人数占护士总数的12.93%。三级医院科室专科护士的配备情况及并发症护理措施实施率高于一、二级医院科室(P<0.05);一级医院科室专科护士数少于二、三级医院科室(P<0.05)。结论:科室对卧床患者常见并发症的护理管理尚有进一步提升空间,应重视专科护士的培养与使用并加强人员培训,制订以循证为基础的完善、细化的卧床患者常见并发症护理规范并促进其在各级医院的有效落实,完善常见并发症的随访管理。

Objective： To describe the current situation of nursing management of common complications in bedridden patients at the department level. Methods： We investigated head nurses from 158 departments of tertiary hospitals, 61 departments of secondary hospitals and 21 departments of primary hospitals in 6 provinces with self- designed questionnaire. Results： Among the investigated departments, only 35.80% carried out risk assessment for the four common complications, and 84.58% had patient follow-up programs. Fifty-five percent of departments had specialist nurses, and these specialist nurses were 12.93% of all nurses. The proportion of departments that had specialist nurses and the implementation rate of nursing interventions for complications in tertiary hospitals were better than those of secondary and primary hospitals （P〈0.05）. Meanwhile, the proportion of specialist nurses in primary hospitals was less than those in tertiary and secondary hospitals. Conclusion： Nursing management for common complications of bedridden patients at the department level should be improved. Nurse managers should pay more attention to the training and the use of specialist nurses, and develop follow-up programs. At the same time, it was also very important to develop detailed and evidencebased nursing standards for common complications of bedridden patients, and to apply them in all hospitals.