二十世纪六十年代初皖西北“责任田”的改正

The Rectification of “Responsibility Fields” in Anhui Northwest at the Beginning of 1960s

20世纪60年代的安徽"责任田"实行不到一年即被改正,留下一桩历史公案。多数研究将"责任田"改正视为"左"倾错误的结果,背离了基层意愿。本文在皖西北"责任田"改正档案史料的爬梳中发现,上述认识混淆了"责任田"与包产到户和单干之间的区别,尤其是和家庭联产承包责任制之间的差别。"责任田"只是集体生产管理方式的调整,"五统一"的要求使集体"统一"和家庭"责任"之间产生不可调和的矛盾。因此,"责任田"的改正,既受政治情势的影响,又是制度设计存在内在缺陷之结果。

In 1960s, ＂responsibility fields＂, which was implemented in less than one year, was corrected, leaving a pile of historical case. Most studies regard the rectification of ＂responsibility fields＂ as the result of ＂left＂ errors, deviating from the basic intention. In sorting the archives of rectifying ＂responsibility fields＂ of northwest Anhui, this paper discovers that, the studies above confuse the difference between the ＂responsibility fields＂ and labor being contracted to household and individual alone, especially the household contract responsibility system. The ＂responsibility fields＂ is an adjustment of collective production and management mode, the ＂five unities＂ requirements cause irreconcilable contradiction between the collective ＂unity＂ and family ＂responsibility＂. Therefore, the rectification of ＂responsibility fields＂, is not only affected by the political situation, but also the result of the inner defects of the system design.