不同种源雷公藤叶物候特征比较

Phenological characteristics of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. of different provenances

以21个不同种源雷公藤为研究对象,观测其一个生长季的叶物候,分析不同种源雷公藤叶物候特征,探讨各叶物候参数之间的相关关系.结果显示:(1)不同种源雷公藤叶物候存在差异.a)不同种源的雷公藤出叶开始时间相差较大,出叶最早种源是福建三明清流(3月28日),出叶最晚种源是广西柳州融水(4月27日),出叶开始时间最早与最晚相差30 d,并且出叶开始时间越早的种源出叶结束时间越早;b)不同种源的雷公藤落叶开始时间相对集中,云南临沧云县为落叶开始最早种源,比最晚开始落叶的浙江金华武义早13 d,而落叶结束时间存在差异,落叶结束时间最早与最晚相差19 d,落叶持续时间越长,落叶结束时间越晚.2)相关分析和回归分析表明雷公藤的出叶时间和落叶时间与叶寿命之间具有显著相关性,出叶时间越早或者落叶时间越晚,叶寿命越长,不过出叶物候与落叶物候之间不存在显著关系.综合雷公藤叶物候观测结果表明,叶寿命较长有利于雷公藤获得竞争优势,对于雷公藤良种筛选和引种驯化有参考价值.

To accumulate research data for ecology conservation and provenance selection, we examined during the growing season the differences in leaf phenology of Tripterygium wilfordii of different provenances. The characteristics and the relationships between leaf phonological parameters were analyzed. The results showed great differences in leaf phenology among provenances. The beginning time of leaf emergence differed between provenances, with the earliest in Qingliu County of Sanming City, Fujian Province （28th , March）, and the latest emergence in Rongshui County of Liuzhou, Guangxi Province （27th, April）. There was 30 days interval between the two provenances. The earlier the provenance leafed out, the earlier the provenance ended the process of leaf emergence. The beginning time of leaf abscission was completed with a narrow time period, with that of the earliest provenance （Yunxian County of Lincang, Yunnan Province） 13 days earlier than the latest （Wuyi County of Jinhua, Zhejiang Province）. The ending time of leaf abscission showed difference among provenances, with the earliest ending time of leaf abscission 19 days in advance of the latest provenances. The longer the duration of leaf abscission was accompanied with the later ending. Both correlation and regression analyses indicated significant correlation between leaf longevity and the timing of leaf emergence and abscission. A longer leaf life span was related to early leafing and late shedding. There was no significant relationship between the timing of leaf emergence and leaf abscission in T. wilfordii. According to the results, T. wilfordii with longer leaf life span is more competitive. The results of this research provide useful references for provenance-selection and acclimatization.