关于机器人若干重要现实问题的思考

Reflections on Some Important Issues about Robots

"机器人"作为专有名词加以引用只有几十年的历史,但是机器人的概念存在于人类的想象中已有约三千多年的历史了。近年来,机器人的研究与应用取得了空前的发展,机器人的时代已渐行渐近。机器人产业对提高创新能力、增强国家综合实力、带动整体经济发展都具有十分重要的意义,机器人技术及应用已成为塑造创新发展新优势的"必争之地"。人工智能和莫拉维克悖论是制约当前机器人发展两大瓶颈。当前人工智能研究的难点不仅在具体的技术实现上,更多的是在深层次对认知的解释与构建方面。莫拉维克悖论则说明,最难以复刻的人类技能是那些无意识的技能。机器人的发展也引起了一些顾虑,包括安全问题、恐怖谷理论和机器人威胁论等。当今乃至可见的未来,人与机器人之间的关系不应该是取代而是共存,未来的世界可能是人与机器人共在。

It has been only a few decades since robot was first referred to as a proper noun, yet it has been about three thousand years since the idea of robot existed in human imagination. In recent years, robot research and application has achieved unprecedented development, and the robot age is drawing near. The robot industry has great significance in improving innovation ability, enhancing comprehensive national strength, and promoting the overall economic development, so robotic technology and its application has become the ＂battleground＂ for nurturing new advantages in innovation and development. Artificial intelligence and Moravec＇s paradox are the two major bottlenecks restricting the current development of robots. At present, the difficulty of artificial intelligence research is not only in the realization of the specific technology, but m·ore importantly, in the interpretation and construction of cognition in the deep level. Moravec＇s paradox shows that human skills that are most difficult to be replicated are those unconscious ones. Robot development has also caused some concerns, including security issues, the Uncanny Valley Theory, and the threat of robots and so on. Today and until the foreseeable future, the relationship between the humans and the robots should be coexistence rather than replacement, they may coexist in the future world.