刺萼龙葵的入侵机理与控制策略研究进展

Research progress on invasive mechanism of Solauum rostratum Dunal.and its control strategy

刺萼龙葵(Solauum rostratum Dunal.)是一种世界性的恶性入侵杂草,扩散速度快,对环境为害严重。结合近年来的研究热点,从扩散机制、生物学特性、环境的可入侵性、植物与土壤的反馈作用以及防控与利用基础等多个方面解析其入侵扩张机制和控制策略。主要研究进展:1刺萼龙葵强大的繁殖和扩散能力、高度的抗逆性、入侵地植物种类的单一性以及入侵环境的脆弱性在其入侵过程中起着关键作用;2刺萼龙葵具有丰富的遗传多样性,在不同生境的长期作用下已产生一定程度的分化,形成了不同的地理种群;3刺萼龙葵不同生长阶段通过改变根际土壤微生物数量和种类来调节自身生长,并通过改变入侵地土壤微生物群落结构和功能,创造对自身生长有利的土壤环境,形成一个自我促进式的入侵机制;4采用人工物理清除和植物替代控制相结合的生态修复方法,可防止刺萼龙葵的再次入侵。刺萼龙葵的有效控制需要采取综合防治策略;5刺萼龙葵从药物开发和植物保护方面有很大的潜力可以挖掘。

Solauum rostratum Dunal. is a worldwide invader on invasive mechanism of S. rostratum was reviewed based with strong ability for invasion and damage. Research progress on hot relevant researches in recent years, including diffusion mechanism, biological characteristics, environment factors, plant-soil feedbacks, controlling and applying. （1） Strong repro- duce and spread abilities of S. rostratum, single plant species in destination, fragile environment played an important roles in invasion; （2） High level of genetic diversity of S. rostratum resulted in many geographical populations and genetic differ- entiations; （3） S. rostratumm could regulate its growth and create a favorable soil environment through changing microbial groups and quantity and microbial community structure and function in root soil, which attributed to develop a self-promo- tion invasion mechanism; （4） It was efficient to prevent its invasion again by ecological restoration method of combine of artificial clearance and plant replacement. Integrated measures were needed for its controlling; （5） S. rostratumm had big potential in medicine development and plant protection.