压疮评估表在ICU护理记录中应用的效果分析

Effect Analysis of Pressure Ulcer Assessment Scale in the Nursing Medical Records of ICU

目的通过压疮护理评估表,确定ICU患者压疮易发的危险因素,以改进护理措施,降低压疮发生率。方法回顾性分析2008年1月1日某院将压疮护理评估表纳入护理记录以来,至2015年12月31日收入ICU病房的所有患者的病案资料。同时以之前5年的ICU患者为对照,统计压疮易发的危险因素,对比评估表应用前后的压疮发生率。结果在护理记录中使用压疮护理评估表后,ICU患者的压疮发生率由之前的9.3%降至6.7%(X^2=11.240,P=0.001)。通过logistic回归分析发现,年龄、住院时间、低蛋白血症、脑卒中和Braden评分为压疮易发的危险因素。血清白蛋白水平低于2.315mg/dl为压疮易发的临界值。结论将压疮护理评估表列入护理记录的常规项目,有利于减少压疮的发生,提高护理质量。

Objectives To ensure the risk factors of pressure ulcer of patients in ICU through the pressure ulcer assessment scale, so as to improve the nursing treatment and decrease the incidence of pressure ulcer. Methods To conduct a retrospective analysis on the medical records materials of ICU patients since the pressure ulcer assessment scale was involved in the nursing medical record from January 1st, 2008 to December 31th,2015 of a hospital. Then took the patients in the former 5 years in ICU as control group, made statistical analysis on the risk factors of pressure ulcer and compared the incidence before and after the application of the scale. Results The incidence of pressure ulcer decreased from 9.3%to 6.7%（X^2=11.240, P=0.001） after using the pressure ulcer assessment scale in the nursing medical record. Age, duration in hospital, hypoalbuminemia, stroke and high Braden scale were detected to be the risk factors of pressure ulcer by logistic regression. The albumin decreased lower than 2.315mg/dl was the cutoff value of pressure ulcer. Conclusions To enroll the pressure ulcer assessment scale into the convention items of nursing medical record was benefit to decrease the incidence of pressure ulcer and increase the nursing quality.