不同品种小麦的饲料加工特性分析

Analysis of feed processing characteristics based on different wheat cultivars

为了研究不同品种小麦的饲料加工特性,采集了全国不同地区的59个小麦样品,共51个小麦品种,并逐一测定了每个样品的营养组分及粉碎过两种筛片(1.5 mm和2.0 mm)后的物理特性、热特性和糊化特性。文中分析了不同品种小麦各指标的差异,结果表明,不同品种小麦在营养组分、物理特性、热特性及糊化特性上均存在不同程度的差异,其中,糊化特性的差异最为显著。粉碎粒度对饲料原料的加工特性有重要影响。试验表明,小麦的粉碎粒度对其物理特性、热特性及糊化特性均有影响。粉碎粒度为1.5 mm和粉碎粒度为2.0 mm的小麦样品在平均粒径、颗粒表面积、休止角、热导率、摩擦系数上均有显著差异(P<0.01)。粉碎粒度为1.5 mm的小麦比粉碎粒度为2.0 mm的小麦平均粒径小,但颗粒表面积更大。小麦的粉碎粒度越小,其休止角和摩擦系数越大。在每个温度值下,粉碎粒度为2.0 mm的小麦比热均显著(P<0.05)比粉碎粒度为1.5 mm的小麦比热小。粉碎粒度为2.0 mm的小麦各黏度参数明显低于粉碎粒度为1.5 mm的小麦(P<0.01),说明粉碎粒度对小麦糊化的影响较大。实验测定的不同品种小麦的营养组分、物理特性、热特性及糊化特性参数是饲料加工工艺理论研究的重要基础数据,可以为饲料加工的各个环节的工艺参数优化提供理论依据,包括原料清选、粉碎、混合、配料、制粒、调质、冷却等。

In order to study the processing characteristics of different wheat cultivars used in feed,59 wheat samples that from different producing areas were collected. We determined the nutritional com-ponents, physical characteristics, thermal property and pasting properties of each sample, which weresmashed and then ground on a mini-mill with 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm screens. Here, we analyzed the dif-ference of these physicochemical properties among wheat cultivars, the results shows that there are dif-ferences in different extent in nutritional components, physical characteristics, pasting properties andthermal property among wheat cultivars. The differences of pasting properties are the most significant.It is believed that the raw material particle size can have an great effect on the feed processing charac-teristics of the material. It was also found that different particle size impacts physical characteristics,thermal property and pasting properties of wheat meal more or less. Besides, the wheat meal groundedthrough 1.5 mm screens and the wheat meal grounded through 2.0 mm screens shows significant differ-ences in geometric mean particle diameter, particle surface area, angle of repose, thermal conductivityand friction coefficient（P〈0.01）. The wheat mealgrounded through 1.5 mm screens has the small-er geometric mean particle diameter and the larg-er particle surface area than the wheat mealgrounded through 2.0 mm screens. The largerthe particle sizes were, the smaller the angle ofrepose and friction coefficient would be. The specific heat capacity of wheat meal grounded through 2.0 mm screens is much smaller than that ground-ed through 1.5 mm screens（P〈0.05）. The pasting properties parameter of wheat meal groundedthrough 1.5 mm screens is much bigger than that grounded through 2.0 mm screens（P〈0.01）, that isto say, the particle sizes make great difference to the pasting properties of the wheat. The physicochem-ical properties data of wheat cultivars we determined can provide theoretical basis for optimizing pro-cess parameters of each processing, such as clean, ground, mixing, burdening, pellet, cooling and so on.