内陆亚洲视野下的“新清史”研究

"New Qing History" Seen Through Inner Asian Studies

"新清史"作为一种学术思潮,是西方"内陆亚洲"研究理论运用到清代历史叙事的一个结果。"内陆亚洲"在19世纪被俄国、德国学者作为一个地理概念使用,用于亚洲区域的划分。后随着这一地区的历史、语言和文化及其对世界历史的影响日益受到广泛关注和研究,"内陆亚洲"成为一个文化概念。"新清史"学者们对"内陆亚洲"概念和理论的借鉴极具启发意义,但他们将满洲特性泛化为以游牧文化为核心的内亚特性,有违以往内亚史学者之本义。他们偏向强调清朝与内亚政权的延续性,将"内陆亚洲"从一个文化概念演绎为一种与"中国"对立的政治概念,逻辑上存在偏差,也不符合历史实际。

As an academic movement,new Qing history is the result of the application of the Western 'Inner Asia ' theory to the narrative of Qing history.In the 19~th century,'Inner Asia' was used by Russian and German scholars as a geographic concept to demarcate the Asian region.Later,with growing attention to and research on the region's history,language and culture and its influence on world history,'Inner Asia ' became a cultural concept.Scholars of new Qing history were inspired to draw on the concept and theory of 'Inner Asia,' but they generalized Manchu features as being characteristic of Inner Asian nomadic cultures,which runs counter to the original intention of previous scholars of Inner Asian history.Current scholars prefer to emphasize the continuity of the Qing regime with inner Asia,shifting 'Inner Asia ' from a cultural to a political concept that stands over and against 'China'.Logically,this is a distortion which does not conform to historical realities.