拯救传媒业:全球新闻媒介的超本地化转向

Keep legacy media survive:The global news media turns to "hyperlocal"

本文通过梳理2005年以来外国学者关于超本地新闻的研究,对其发展的背景、内容特征、理论等进行了系统概括,希望从中找到其发展研究的基本脉络。首先,传媒产业的衰落和新媒介技术的应用使得新闻媒介向着超本地化转向。其次,超本地新闻是公民新闻和社区新闻在web2.0时代的融合发展,也是传统媒体自救的新尝试。第三,专业记者或者大的媒介集团创办超本地新闻网站,聚焦于较小地理范围的新闻实践,利用公民记者的力量报道邻里间发生的事情,希望能够填补主流媒体报道的空白。超本地新闻网站还自觉承担着监督地方政府的责任,对提高地方民主、社区建设起到了积极的作用。公民记者参与超本地新闻的生产与制作,是信息传播与自我表达的满足。在超本地新闻网站上,普通公众上传新闻并公开参与讨论,形成了超本地化的"公共空间"。虽然超本地新闻在新闻的真实性、专业性等方面备受学者的诟病,但它和网络技术的紧密结合,新的运营模式都让很多学者看到了传媒产业发展的新曙光,他们欢呼超本地新闻是新兴新闻时代的到来,可以拯救已经没落的传媒产业。

Summarizing abroad scholar＇s research on hyperlocal journalism from 2005 and concluding the background, characters of hyperlocal news content and the theory, I try to find how the hyperlocal journalism and the research develop. First of all, decline of media industry and application of new media technology push journalism to turn to ＂hyperlocal＂. Second, hyperlocal Journalism is the hybrid of citizen journalism and community journalism in web 2.0, which is a useful try of its development. Third, professional journalists and big media open hyperlocal news websites, focusing on small geography, reporting news about neighborhoods through citizen journalists and filling perceived gaps in coverage of an issue or region. And hyperlocal news websites handle the responsibility of watchdog on local government, which is helpful to local democracy and community building. Citizen journalists take part in the procedure of news production, which fulfills needs of communication and self-expression. On hyperlocal news websites, citizen can debate freely about public lives about community, which may shape ＂hyperlocal public sphere＂. Although, scholars and journalists hesitate about the truth and professionalism of hyperlocal journalism, it may be the hope of media industry according to the new technology and model of business. Some scholars hail for the age of new type of journalism, which can save the declining legacy media.