人体器官获取的法伦理思考

Legal and Ethical Thinking of Human Organ Acquisition

尊重供者意愿的器官获取是各国普遍遵从的方式。绝大多数国家采取无偿捐献的法律模式,少数国家为解决器官短缺问题,采取强制征收尸体器官或者国家控制下的有偿交易模式。这种模式尽管一定程度上解决了器官来源不足的问题,然而,却因违背了全球公认的人权理念和生命伦理原则而受到质疑。我国无偿自愿捐献的器官获取法律模式存在激励机制缺失和体系不完善等缺陷,对此进行了深入的法伦理分析,并提出了构建器官获取激励机制和完善器官获取体系等措施。

Respecting for the will of donor to obtain organs is the way of universal compliance. The vast majority of countries take the legal mode of free donation. A handful of countries in order to solve the problem of organ shortage, take the compulsory collection of human body organ or the paid transaction models under state control. Although, to a certain extent, the problems of insufficient source of organs are solved, due to the violation of the world recognized human rights concepts and the principle of life ethics, it has been questioned. In China, the legal model of organ acquisition of unpaid voluntary donation has the defects of lack of law model incentive mechanism and the imperfect system. The paper conducts intensive law-ethics analysis, and puts forward the construction of organ acquisition incentive mechanism and improving the organ acquisition system and other measures.