行为运作管理在医院血源性职业暴露防护中的应用

Application of the Behavior Operation Management of the Prophylaxis of Hospital Blood-Borne Exposure

目的探讨医务人员血源性职业暴露防护的干预模式,以降低职业暴露发生率。方法分析影响医务人员血源性职业暴露防护行为的因素,从行为运作视角构建"人—机—环境"的防护干预模式,在4所医院应用并评价干预效果。结果干预后的医务人员防护知识、防护态度、防护行为及医院科室安全环境得分高于干预前,锐器伤发生率从51.5%下降至40.4%(P<0.05)。结论该模式的应用能有效提高医务人员安全防护知识,转变防护态度,促进安全行为依从性,降低血源性职业暴露发生率。

Objective To build a prophylactic mode of blood-borne occupational exposure for medical staff in order to reduce the incidence of medical personnel＇s blood-borne occupational exposure. Methods Analyzing the influence factors of prophylactic behavior for medical staff＇s blood-borne occupational exposure with the structural equation model, then building a prophylactic mode of brood-borne occupational exposure for medical staff based on ＂Hu-man-Machine-Environment＂ with introducing behavior operation management. In addition, prophylactic mode in 4 hospitals and the effect of them were evaluated. Results The scores of medical personnel＇s knowledge, attitude, behavior about the prevention of blood-borne occupational exposure and hospitals＇ department security environment after the intervention were higher than that of before interference, and the incidence rate of medical personnel＇s sharp injury has decreased from 51.5% to 40.4% （P〈0.05）. Conclusin The prophylactic model could effectively improve the medical staff＇s safety knowledge, change protective attitude, promote security behavior compliance and de- crease the incidence of exposure.