2011年-2015年新余市手足口病流行特征分析

The epidemiological characters of hand- foot- mouth disease and analysis in Xinyu during 2011- 2015

目的分析新余市手足口病的流行特征,为手足口病的防控提供科学依据。方法采用实时荧光定量PCR对2011年-2015年手足口病咽拭子、疱疹液监测样本进行肠道病毒通用核酸、肠道病毒71型（EV71）、柯萨奇病毒A组16型（Cox A16）扩增,用描述性方法进行流行病学分析。结果 2011年-2015年新余市共监测手足口病811例,总阳性率为46.12%,其中EV71型109例（13.44%）,Cox A16型94例（11.59%）,其他肠道病毒171例（21.09%）。2015年3月-5月为流行高峰,2013年在冬季出现小高峰。不同性别的EV71型和Cox A16型手足口病阳性率差异无统计学意义（χ~2=0.92,P〉0.05）。病例主要集中在0岁~4岁儿童,共757例,占93.3%,1岁~5岁病例的手足口病阳性率较高。结论 EV71和Cox A16型手足口病在新余市交替流行,仍应加强其他型别肠道病毒病例的监测。手足口病发病呈现明显的季节性和人群特征,提示要加强春夏之交及气温反常时5岁以下儿童的手足口病防控。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characters of hand- foot- mouth disease（ HFMD） in Xinyu,so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of HFMD. Methods Real- time PCR was used to amplify the nucleic acid of universal entervirus（ EV）,enterovirus 71（ EV71）,coxsackie virus A16（ Cox A16） in throat swabs and herpes fluid of monitoring samples from 2011 to 2015,and to conduct epidemical analysis through descriptive study. Results 811 case specimens were detected in Xinyu during 2011- 2015,and the total positive rate was 46. 12%,in which the number of EV71,CoxA16 and other enteric virus was 109 cases（ 13. 44%）,94 cases（ 11. 59%）,171 cases（ 21. 09%）,respectively. The incidence peak appeared in March- May 2015. Small peak may occur in the winter of 2013. The positive rate of HFMD had no significant difference between genders in Xinyu（ χ~2= 0. 92,P〉0. 05）. Most cases were 0- 4 year- old children,accounting for 93. 3%（ 757 cases）. The highest positive rate was in 1- 5 yeas old children. Conclusion EV71 and Cox A16 type were popular alternately in Xinyu,and surveillance of other types of enteric viruses should still be strengthened. The morbidity of HFMD has obviously seasonal and population characteristics,indicating that we should strengthen the prevention and control of HFMD in the spring and summer and on children under 5 years old.