山东省和广东省7家1-溴丙烷生产和使用企业职业卫生调查

health survey of 7 enterprises in production and use of 1-bromopropane in Shandong Province and Guangdong Province

目的对1-溴丙烷（1-BP）生产和使用企业进行职业卫生现场调查,了解1-BP接触人群的接触浓度和对健康的影响。方法选取北方（山东）和南方（广东）2个省共计7家1-BP生产和使用企业作为调查对象,对工人1-BP接触水平进行横断面调查。进行定点和个体采样,收集健康监护资料及现场对接触工人进行健康检查。结果 1-BP广泛存在于作业现场,生产企业主要集中在包装和精馏岗位。108个定点采样,检测范围〈2.0~318.0 mg/m3;19例个体采样,检测范围〈2.0~556.0 mg/m3。接触组与对照组血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞压积（HCT）、血小板（PLT）、红细胞平均体积（MCV）、红细胞平均血红蛋白含量（MCH）、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）、血小板体积分布宽度（PDW）、血小板平均体积（MPV）、胆碱酯酶（CHE）、肌酐（CREA）、促甲状腺素（TSH）差异有统计学意义。结论职业接触1-BP可引起工人血常规及血生化指标的改变。企业仍需加强职业卫生管理,保护劳动者健康。

[Objective]To perform a field occupational health investigation in enterprises which produce and use 1-bromopropane（1-BP）,understand the contact concentration of 1-BP and its impact on health. [Methods]7 enterprises which produce and use1-BP were collected from northern（Shandong Province）and southern（Guangdong Province）part of China,and the exposure concentration of 1-BP in workers were investigated by a cross-sectional survey. Fixed point and individual sampling were conducted. The health monitoring data was collected and exposed workers were given the health examination.[Results]1-BP widely existed in the workplace,and mainly concentrated in the positions of the packaging and rectification in the production enterprises. The concentra-tions of 108 fixed point samples were between 2.0 mg/m3 and 318.0 mg/m3,and the concentration of 19 individual sampling samples were between 2.0 mg/m3 and 556.0 mg/m3. There were statistically significant differences in hemoglobin（HB）,hematokrit（HCT）,platelet（PLT）,mean corpuscular volume（MCV）,mean corpuscular hemoglobin（MCH）,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration（MCHC）,platelet volume distribution width（PDW）,mean platelet volume（MPV）,cholinesterase（CHE）,creatinine（CREA）,and thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH）between the exposure group and the control group.[Conclusion]Occupational exposure to1-BP can cause changes in routine blood test and blood biochemical indexes of exposed workers. The enterprises should strengthen the occupational health management to ensure the health of workers.